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📚 Learn › Paper 2 — Corporate & Other Laws › Chapter

Share Capital & Debentures

Companies Act 2013 sections 43–72 governing kinds of share capital, issue of shares (including bonus, sweat equity, ESOP), variation of rights, debentures and debenture trustees. A high-weight chapter in CA Inter Law.

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9 microlessons in this chapter
Read each in 5 minutes. Each has worked examples + the bare Act text for reference.
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All lessons

1
Section 43 — Kinds of Share Capital
Section 43 Companies Act 2013 explained: equity vs preference share capital, DVR shares, participating preference shares — key for CA Inter
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2
Section 47 — Voting Rights
Section 47 Companies Act 2013: voting rights of equity vs preference shareholders explained for CA Inter — including the 2-year unpaid divid
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3
Section 54 — Issue of Sweat Equity Shares
Section 54 Companies Act 2013: conditions for issuing sweat equity shares to employees/directors — special resolution, SEBI rules, and pari
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4
Section 55 — Issue & Redemption of Preference Shares
Section 55 Companies Act 2013: Rules for issuing & redeeming preference shares, Capital Redemption Reserve (CRR) creation, and the 20-year l
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5
Section 62 — Further Issue of Share Capital (Rights, ESOP)
Section 62 Companies Act 2013: rights issue, ESOP & preferential allotment rules explained simply for CA Inter May 2026 exam with examples.
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6
Section 63 — Issue of Bonus Shares
Section 63 Companies Act 2013: rules for issuing bonus shares — valid sources, 6 pre-conditions, and why revaluation reserves are banned. Es
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7
Section 66 — Reduction of Share Capital
Section 66 Companies Act 2013: How companies reduce share capital via NCLT approval, special resolution & auditor certificate — explained fo
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8
Section 71 — Debentures
Section 71 Companies Act 2013 explained for CA Inter: debenture redemption reserve, trustee rules, convertible debentures & voting rights in
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9
Section 72 — Power to Nominate
Section 72 Companies Act 2013: How nomination of shares & debentures works, overrides Wills, and what happens when the nominee is a minor —
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