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When you earn income under Income from Other Sources (IFOS), the tax law doesn't hit you on gross receipts alone — Section 57 gives you specific deductions before computing your taxable income. Think of it as the expense-claim list for IFOS, just like Section 30–37 works for business income.

Clause (i) — Commission to collect dividends/interest: If you pay a banker or any agent a reasonable commission to collect dividends or interest on securities on your behalf, that commission is fully deductible. Simple and clean.

Clause (iia) — Family Pension (Exam Favourite!): This is the one examiners love. When a widow or family member receives a family pension — a regular monthly amount paid by the employer after an employee's death — the law allows a standard deduction of 33⅓% of the pension amount OR ₹15,000, whichever is lower. No bills, no proofs — just a flat deduction. Critical distinction: this applies only to family members, not to the retired employee's own pension (that goes under 'Salaries'). Get this wrong and you'll lose easy marks.

Clause (iii) — General revenue expenditure: Any expense that is (a) not capital in nature, and (b) laid out wholly and exclusively to earn that IFOS income is deductible. For example, interest paid on a loan taken to invest in fixed deposits, or fees paid to a portfolio manager. Personal expenses or expenses with dual purpose? Not allowed.

Clause (iv) — Interest on compensation [Section 56(2)(viii)]: When someone receives interest on compensation or enhanced compensation (typically from government land acquisition), 50% of that interest is deducted automatically — and no other deduction is available on this income. This 50% is a final, exclusive deduction; don't try adding anything else on top.

Always pair Section 57 with Section 58 (disallowances) in exam problems — Section 58 overrides and blocks certain deductions even if they seem to fit Section 57. This section is asked frequently as a 4-mark or 6-mark 'compute IFOS income' problem, with family pension and interest-on-compensation being the two most tested clauses.

📊 Worked example

Example 1 — Family Pension Deduction

Mrs. Kamala Devi receives a family pension of ₹3,600 per month from her late husband Mr. Ramesh's employer. Compute her taxable income under IFOS.

| Step | Working |

|---|---|

| Annual family pension | ₹3,600 × 12 = ₹43,200 |

| 33⅓% of ₹43,200 | ₹14,400 |

| Flat cap under Section 57(iia) | ₹15,000 |

| Deduction = lower of both | ₹14,400 |

| Taxable IFOS income | ₹43,200 − ₹14,400 = ₹28,800 |

Note: Had the pension been ₹54,000/year, 33⅓% would give ₹18,000, but the cap kicks in — deduction would be ₹15,000.

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Example 2 — Interest on Compensation (50% Deduction)

Mr. Arvind Sharma's agricultural land was compulsorily acquired by the government. In FY 2025-26, he received ₹1,20,000 as interest on the enhanced compensation awarded. Compute his IFOS income.

| Step | Working |

|---|---|

| Interest on enhanced compensation [Section 56(2)(viii)] | ₹1,20,000 |

| Deduction u/s 57(iv) — 50% of ₹1,20,000 | ₹60,000 |

| Any other deduction allowed? | No (Section 57(iv) bars it explicitly) |

| Taxable IFOS income | ₹1,20,000 − ₹60,000 = ₹60,000 |

⚠️ Common exam mistakes

  • Mixing up family pension with the employee's own pension. Students deduct 33⅓% or ₹15,000 on a retired employee's pension too — that's wrong. Own pension is taxed under 'Salaries.' Section 57(iia) applies only when the pension reaches a family member after the employee's death.
  • Skipping the ₹15,000 cap on family pension. Don't stop at calculating 33⅓%. Always compute both figures and pick the lower one — the law says 'whichever is less,' not 'whichever is more convenient.'
  • Claiming extra deductions on interest from compensation. Students add interest on loans or other costs against Section 56(2)(viii) income. Section 57(iv) is explicit: once you take the 50% deduction, nothing else is deductible on that income.
  • Deducting capital expenditure under Clause (iii). Only revenue expenditure wholly and exclusively for earning IFOS income qualifies. Buying an asset to generate income is capital — blocked. Maintenance or interest on a loan for that asset may be revenue — allowed.
  • Ignoring Section 58 in exam problems. Students identify a valid-looking deduction under Section 57 but forget Section 58 can disallow it (e.g., personal expense, income tax paid, or expenditure on winnings from lotteries). Always cross-check both sections before finalising the computation.
📖 Bare Act text — Section 57, Income Tax Act 1961 (click to expand)
The income chargeable under the head "Income from other sources" shall be computed after making the following deductions, namely:— (i) in the case of dividends, other than dividends referred to in section 115-O, or interest on securities, any reasonable sum paid by way of commission or remuneration to a banker or any other person for the purpose of realising such dividend or interest on behalf of the assessee; (ia) in the case of income of the nature referred to in sub-clause (x) of clause (24) of section 2 which is chargeable to income-tax under the head "Income from other sources", deductions, so far as may be, in accordance with the provisions of clause (va) of sub-section (1) of section 36; (ii) in the case of income of the nature referred to in clauses (ii) and (iii) of sub-section (2) of section 56, deductions, so far as may be, in accordance with the provisions of sub-clause (ii) of clause (a) and clause (c) of section 30, section 31 and sub-sections (1) and (2) of section 32 and subject to the provisions of section 38; (iia) in the case of income in the nature of family pension, a deduction of a sum equal to thirty-three and one-third per cent of such income or fifteen thousand rupees, whichever is less. Explanation.—For the purposes of this clause, "family pension" means a regular monthly amount payable by the employer to a person belonging to the family of an employee in the event of his death; (iii) any other expenditure (not being in the nature of capital expenditure) laid out or expended wholly and exclusively for the purpose of making or earning such income; (iv) in the case of income of the nature referred to in clause (viii) of sub-section (2) of section 56, a deduction of a sum equal to fifty per cent of such income and no deduction shall be allowed under any other clause of this section.
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