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Microlesson · 5-min read

Private Placement - Allotment Timeline, Refund, and Separate Bank Account (Section 42)

# Private Placement — Operational Compliance Requirements (Section 42)

Once a company makes a private placement offer under Section 42, several strict procedural compliances govern application money, allotment, refund, and use of funds.

## 1. Deemed Public Offer

If a company (listed or unlisted) makes an offer or invitation to more than the prescribed number of persons (200 in a financial year), it is deemed a public offer. The company must then follow Chapter III provisions (prospectus rules), not the private placement route.

## 2. Mode of Subscription

Every identified person willing to subscribe must:

  • Apply through the private placement application issued to them, and
  • Pay subscription money via cheque / demand draft / banking channel only (cash is prohibited).

## 3. Restriction on Use of Money Before Allotment

A company shall not utilise monies raised through private placement unless:

1. Allotment is made, and

2. The return of allotment is filed with the Registrar (ROC).

## 4. No Fresh Offer Until Earlier One is Closed

No fresh offer or invitation can be made unless:

  • Allotments for any earlier offer are completed, OR
  • The earlier offer has been withdrawn / abandoned.

## 5. Allotment Timeline

StageTime Limit
Allotment of securitiesWithin 60 days from receipt of application money
If allotment fails — refundWithin 15 days from expiry of the 60 days
If refund delayed beyond thatInterest @ 12% p.a. from expiry of the 60th day

## 6. Separate Bank Account

Monies received under Section 42 shall be kept in a separate bank account in a scheduled bank, and used only for:

  • (a) Adjustment against allotment of securities; or
  • (b) Repayment where the company is unable to allot.

## 7. No Public Advertisement

Securities under Section 42 cannot be advertised publicly or marketed via any media, distribution channel, or agent to inform the public at large.

## 8. Penalty for Contravention [Section 42(10)]

If a company makes an offer or accepts monies in contravention of Section 42:

  • Penalty on company, promoters, and directors = amount raised through private placement OR ₹2 crore, whichever is LOWER.
  • Company must also refund all monies with interest to subscribers within 30 days of the order imposing the penalty.

## 9. Return of Allotment [Section 42(8) read with Rule 14(6)]

Return of allotment in Form PAS-3 to be filed with the Registrar within 15 days from date of allotment. The return must contain a complete list of allottees with:

  • (a) Full name, address, PAN, and Email ID of each holder;
  • (b) Class of security held;
  • (c) Date of allotment;
  • (d) Number of securities, nominal value, amount paid, and particulars of consideration if for non-cash.

## 10. Default in Filing Return of Allotment [Section 42(9)]

For default in filing the return, the company, its promoters and directors are liable to a penalty of:

  • ₹1,000 for each day the default continues,
  • Subject to a maximum of ₹25 lakh.

Worked example

### Example 1

Q. XYZ Ltd. received private placement application money of ₹50 lakh on 1st January 2026. It did not allot securities by 1st March 2026 (60 days). It refunded the money on 30th March 2026. What is the consequence?

A. Allotment was due by 1st March 2026. Refund had to be made within 15 days (by 16th March 2026). Since refund was delayed beyond 15 days, the company must repay the application money along with interest @ 12% p.a. calculated from 2nd March 2026 (expiry of 60th day) until the date of actual refund.

### Example 2

Q. A company contravened Section 42 by raising ₹3 crore through private placement without following the prescribed procedure. What is the penalty?

A. Penalty = lower of (i) amount raised (₹3 crore) OR (ii) ₹2 crore. Hence penalty = ₹2 crore on the company, its promoters, and directors. Additionally, the company must refund all monies with interest within 30 days of the penalty order.

### Example 3

Q. ABC Ltd. allotted shares under private placement on 10th April 2026 but filed Form PAS-3 only on 10th June 2026. Calculate the penalty.

A. Return was due within 15 days of allotment, i.e., by 25th April 2026. Filed on 10th June 2026 — delay of 46 days. Penalty = ₹1,000 × 46 = ₹46,000 (well within ₹25 lakh cap).

⚠️ Common exam mistakes

  • Confusing the 60-day allotment window (private placement) with the 30-day window applicable to public offers.
  • Forgetting that the interest rate for delayed refund under private placement is 12% p.a. (not 15% p.a. which applies to public offers).
  • Treating the ₹2 crore as a fixed penalty under Section 42(10); it is actually the LOWER of (amount raised) or (₹2 crore).
  • Believing private placement money may be used by the company immediately on receipt — it cannot be used until allotment is made AND return of allotment is filed.
  • Accepting cash subscription for private placement — only cheque / DD / banking channel is permitted.
  • Issuing a fresh private placement offer while an earlier offer is still open / not withdrawn — this is prohibited.
  • Missing the daily ₹1,000 penalty (max ₹25 lakh) for delay in filing Form PAS-3.
Bare-Act text Section 42 read with Rule 14 of Companies (Prospectus and Allotment of Securities) Rules, 2014 · The Companies Act, 2013 · click to expand
Section 42(6): A company making an offer or invitation under this section shall allot its securities within sixty days from the date of receipt of the application money for such securities and if the company is not able to allot the securities within that period, it shall repay the application money to the subscribers within fifteen days from the expiry of sixty days and if the company fails to repay the application money within the aforesaid period, it shall be liable to repay that money with interest at the rate of twelve per cent. per annum from the expiry of the sixtieth day. Section 42(10): Subject to sub-section (11), if a company makes an offer or accepts monies in contravention of this section, the company, its promoters and directors shall be liable for a penalty which may extend to the amount raised through the private placement or two crore rupees, whichever is lower, and the company shall also refund all monies with interest as specified in sub-section (6) to subscribers within a period of thirty days of the order imposing the penalty.
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