# Section 2(v): Person Resident in India — Artificial Persons
For artificial persons (companies, firms, branches, agencies, offices), the test is based on location of registration/incorporation OR location plus ownership/control.
## Rule 1: Entities Registered/Incorporated in India
> Any person, body corporate registered or incorporated in India is a PRI.
Example: Tata Motors Ltd. — incorporated in India → PRI.
## Rule 2: Branch / Office / Agency LOCATED in India
A branch, office or agency in India is PRI if owned OR controlled by a Person Resident OUTSIDE India (PROI).
Example: Tesla Mumbai — the Indian branch of Tesla USA (a PROI). Since it is located in India and owned/controlled by a PROI, it is PRI.
Key insight: Even though the parent is PROI, its Indian branch is PRI for FEMA purposes.
## Rule 3: Branch / Office / Agency LOCATED OUTSIDE India
A branch, office or agency outside India is PRI if owned OR controlled by a Person Resident in India (PRI).
Example: Tata Motors Dubai Branch — located outside India but owned/controlled by Tata Motors (a PRI). Hence the Dubai branch itself is PRI.
## Consolidated Summary Table
| Entity | Location | Ownership/Control | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tata Motors | India (incorporated) | — | PRI |
| Tesla Mumbai (branch) | India | Owned by Tesla US (PROI) | PRI |
| Tata Motors Dubai (branch) | Outside India | Owned by Tata Motors (PRI) | PRI |
| Tesla USA (parent) | Outside India | — | PROI |
## Why This Matters
This structure ensures that Indian operations of foreign companies AND foreign branches of Indian companies BOTH come within FEMA's residential scope. The Act doesn't allow a PRI to escape regulation by routing transactions through a foreign branch, and doesn't let a foreign company's Indian branch escape by claiming foreign ownership.