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Microlesson · 5-min read

Capital Account Transactions — Schedules I and II

# Capital Account Transactions — Schedules I (PRI) and II (PROI)

Unlike current account transactions (open by default), capital account transactions are prohibited by default. They are permitted only if listed in Schedule I (for PRIs) or Schedule II (for PROIs) of the Foreign Exchange Management (Permissible Capital Account Transactions) Regulations, 2000, subject to RBI conditions.

## A. Schedule I — Permissible Capital Account Transactions for a PRI

A PRI may, subject to RBI approval/conditions, undertake:

#TransactionDirection
1Foreign security (investment in)In or outside India
2Foreign derivative contractsIn or outside India
3Foreign currency loan raised
4Foreign currency account in India (e.g. EEFC)
5Capital assetOutside India
6Immovable propertyOutside India
7Commodity derivative
8Loan given to or taken from PROIWith/from PROI
9Guarantee in favour of PROIWith/from PROI
10Currency / Import / Export / Holding of foreign currency
11Insurance from an insurance company outside India

## B. Schedule II — Permissible Capital Account Transactions for a PROI

A PROI may, subject to RBI approval/conditions, undertake:

#TransactionDirection
1Capital asset in IndiaIn India
2Immovable property in IndiaIn India
3Investment in India (shares, FDI, etc.)In India
4Foreign currency account in IndiaIn India
5Deposits given to/taken from PRIWith PRI
6Guarantee in favour of PRIWith PRI
7Currency / Import / Export / Holding

## C. Reading the two Schedules together

The Schedules are mirror images:

  • Schedule I focuses on a PRI altering assets/liabilities outside India.
  • Schedule II focuses on a PROI altering assets/liabilities inside India.

Both are subject to specific RBI Master Directions for each category (ODI, FDI, ECB Regulations, etc.).

## D. Practical exam patterns

Question patternCheck
PRI gives loan abroadSchedule I #8 — capital account
PROI buys Indian sharesSchedule II #3 — FDI/FPI
PRI invests in foreign listed sharesSchedule I #1 — Foreign Security, via LRS
PROI opens NRE accountSchedule II #4
PRI holds EEFC accountSchedule I #4

Worked example

### Example 1

Example 1 — Buying foreign shares

Mr. R, PRI, buys Tesla shares via LRS.

Answer: Acquiring foreign security — Schedule I #1. Routed via LRS within US $250,000/year.

### Example 2

Example 2 — FDI in Indian company

A German company buys 30% equity in an Indian start-up.

Answer: PROI investing in India → Schedule II #3, subject to FDI Regulations.

### Example 3

Example 3 — Loan by Indian parent to foreign subsidiary

ABC Ltd (PRI) lends US $5 million to its UK subsidiary.

Answer: PRI giving a loan to PROI → Schedule I #8, subject to ODI / FEMA loan regulations.

### Example 4

Example 4 — Guarantee by foreign parent

US parent guarantees its Indian subsidiary's bank loan.

Answer: PROI giving guarantee in favour of PRI → Schedule II #6.

⚠️ Common exam mistakes

  • Treating all foreign investments as freely permitted — capital account transactions are prohibited unless explicitly listed.
  • Forgetting that contingent liabilities (e.g. guarantees) are capital for PRIs only, not PROIs.
  • Mixing up Schedule I (PRI outward) with Schedule II (PROI inward).
  • Ignoring sector-specific RBI regulations — the Schedules enable the transaction; specific FDI/ODI/ECB Regulations govern the conditions.
Bare-Act text Section 6 and Schedules I & II of the Regulations · FEMA, 1999 read with Foreign Exchange Management (Permissible Capital Account Transactions) Regulations, 2000 · click to expand
Section 6(2) — The Reserve Bank may, in consultation with the Central Government, specify (a) any class or classes of capital account transactions which are permissible; (b) the limit up to which foreign exchange shall be admissible for such transactions. Section 6(3) lists illustrative capital account transactions including: transfer or issue of foreign security by a person resident in India; transfer or issue of any security by a person resident outside India; any borrowing or lending in foreign exchange; any borrowing or lending in rupees between a person resident in India and a person resident outside India; deposits between persons resident in India and persons resident outside India; acquisition or transfer of immovable property in India, other than a lease not exceeding five years, by a person resident outside India; acquisition or transfer of immovable property outside India, other than a lease not exceeding five years, by a person resident in India; giving of a guarantee or surety in respect of any debt, obligation or other liability incurred by a person resident in India and owed to a person resident outside India or vice versa.
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