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Microlesson · 5-min read

Small Company [Sec 2(85)]

# Small Company — Section 2(85)

A 'Small Company' is a company (other than a public company) that satisfies BOTH thresholds AND is NOT in the excluded list.

## Quantitative tests (both must be satisfied)

TestLimit in the ActLimit prescribed by Rules (current)
Paid-up share capitalUp to Rs.50 lakh, or such higher amount as prescribed (cannot exceed Rs.10 crore)Rs.4 crore
Turnover (per P&L of immediately preceding FY)Up to Rs.2 crore, or such higher amount as prescribed (cannot exceed Rs.100 crore)Rs.40 crore

Current effective thresholds: PUSC <= Rs.4 crore AND Turnover <= Rs.40 crore.

## Companies that can NEVER be Small Companies

The proviso excludes:

1. A Holding company;

2. A Subsidiary company;

3. A company registered under Section 8 (charitable);

4. A company / body corporate governed by any special Act.

## What 'public company' means here

A public company can never be a small company — small-company status is reserved for private companies (and OPCs which are private by default) meeting the thresholds.

## Why classification as 'Small Company' matters (benefits)

Small companies enjoy several relaxations:

  • Lower additional fees on certain filings.
  • Lesser penalties (under Sec 446B).
  • Simplified annual return (Form MGT-7A).
  • Cash flow statement not required.
  • Fewer Board meetings (at least 1 per half-year).
  • Auditor rotation under Sec 139(2) not applicable.

## Decision flowchart

```

Is it a public company? -> Yes -> NOT small

Is it a holding/subsidiary/Sec 8/special Act co.? -> Yes -> NOT small

Is PUSC <= Rs.4 cr AND Turnover <= Rs.40 cr? -> Both Yes -> Small Company

```

Worked example

### Example 1

Example 1 — Subsidiary trap. ABC Pvt Ltd has PUSC Rs.50 lakh and turnover Rs.3 crore — well within limits. But it is a wholly-owned subsidiary of XYZ Ltd. Is it a small company? No. The proviso excludes any subsidiary, regardless of size.

### Example 2

Example 2 — Both tests must be met. PQR Pvt Ltd has PUSC Rs.2 crore (within Rs.4 cr) but turnover Rs.50 crore (exceeds Rs.40 cr). Small company? No — both thresholds are cumulative; failure of one disqualifies.

⚠️ Common exam mistakes

  • Applying only the PUSC test or only the turnover test — both must be met.
  • Forgetting the holding/subsidiary exclusion — even a tiny subsidiary is NOT a small company.
  • Forgetting that Section 8 companies and companies under special Acts are excluded.
  • Using the old statutory ceiling (Rs.50 lakh / Rs.2 crore) — Rules currently prescribe Rs.4 crore / Rs.40 crore.
  • Treating a public company as potentially 'small' — only non-public companies can qualify.
Bare-Act text Section 2(85) · Companies Act, 2013 · click to expand
Small company means a company, other than a public company: (i) paid-up share capital of which does not exceed fifty lakh rupees or such higher amount as may be prescribed which shall not be more than ten crore rupees; and (ii) turnover of which as per profit and loss account for the immediately preceding financial year does not exceed two crore rupees or such higher amount as may be prescribed which shall not be more than one hundred crore rupees: Provided that nothing in this clause shall apply to: (A) a holding company or a subsidiary company; (B) a company registered under Section 8; or (C) a company or body corporate governed by any special Act. As per Companies (Specification of Definitions Details) Rules, 2014, paid-up share capital shall not exceed Rs.4 crore and turnover shall not exceed Rs.40 crore.
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