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Microlesson · 5-min read

Rebate u/s 87A (Default vs Optional Regime) — Fin Act 2025

# Rebate for Resident Individuals — Section 87A

The rebate u/s 87A reduces tax for resident individuals with modest income. The mechanics differ sharply between the Default Tax Regime (DTR) and the Optional Tax Regime (OTR).

## A. Default Tax Regime (s.115BAC) — post Fin Act 2025

Total incomeRebate
≤ ₹12,00,000Lower of basic tax amount or ₹60,000
> ₹12,00,000Marginal rebate (see steps)

Marginal Rebate Steps (TI > ₹12 lakh):

  • A = Total Income − ₹12,00,000
  • B = Basic tax on Total Income
  • If B > A, Rebate = B − A

Maximum rebate limits:

  • Rebate cannot exceed income-tax (before rebate) on total income.
  • Rebate cannot exceed tax computed u/s 115BAC(1A) — i.e., tax on normal incomes under DTR.

Special income note: Special incomes are counted while checking the ₹12 lakh limit, but the rebate cannot exceed tax on normal incomes (115BAC(1A)). Tax on special incomes is not eligible for rebate.

## B. Optional Tax Regime (normal provisions)

Total incomeRebate
≤ ₹5,00,000Lower of basic tax payable or ₹12,500

Maximum rebate cannot exceed income-tax (before rebate) on total income.

## Common Rules

  • Rebate is allowed from basic income-tax computed before adding 4% Health & Education cess.
  • Under OTR, rebate is NOT available on LTCG u/s 112A (but rebate is available on other special incomes under OTR).
  • Under DTR, rebate is NOT available on any special income.

Worked example

### Example 1

DTR, income ≤ ₹12 lakh: Resident individual, total income ₹11,50,000 (all normal income), DTR. Basic tax computed, say ₹53,000. Rebate = lower of ₹53,000 or ₹60,000 = ₹53,000 → tax becomes NIL (before cess).

### Example 2

DTR marginal rebate, TI > ₹12 lakh: Total income ₹12,10,000. A = ₹10,000. B = basic tax on ₹12,10,000 (say ₹61,500). Since B (₹61,500) > A (₹10,000), Rebate = B − A = ₹51,500. Net tax = ₹61,500 − ₹51,500 = ₹10,000 (before cess).

### Example 3

OTR: Resident individual, total income ₹4,80,000, OTR. Basic tax ≈ ₹11,500. Rebate = lower of ₹11,500 or ₹12,500 = ₹11,500 → tax NIL (before cess).

⚠️ Common exam mistakes

  • Allowing 87A rebate against tax on special incomes under DTR (none allowed) or against LTCG u/s 112A under OTR.
  • Excluding special incomes when testing the ₹12 lakh limit under DTR — they ARE counted for the limit even though rebate is capped at tax on normal income.
  • Computing rebate after adding cess — rebate is from basic tax before cess.
  • Using ₹12,500/₹5,00,000 (OTR) thresholds under DTR, or the ₹60,000/₹12,00,000 (DTR) thresholds under OTR.
  • Forgetting the marginal rebate mechanism for DTR incomes just above ₹12 lakh.
Reference: 87A
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