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Microlesson · 5-min read

E-Way Bill — Who Generates Part-A and Part-B

# E-Way Bill — Who Generates Part-A and Part-B

EWB-01 has two parts:

  • Part-A — invoice/supply details.
  • Part-B — transport details (vehicle no. etc.).

## Part-A — Contents and Responsibility

Contents: Details of goods supplied; GSTIN of supplier & recipient; place of delivery with pincode; document number, date and value.

Who generates? The person causing the movement:

SituationPerson Liable
Supplier (registered) arranges transportSupplier
Recipient arranges transportRecipient
Unregistered supplier → Registered recipientRecipient

> The transporter, e-commerce operator, or courier agency may also generate Part-A if authorised by the consignor.

## Part-B — Contents and Responsibility

Contents: Transporter details; transport document number; vehicle number (for road).

Who generates?

Mode of TransportPerson Liable
Road — via a transporterTransporter
Road — own / hired / public conveyancePerson causing the movement
Rail, air or vesselPerson causing the movement

## Important Notes

### (i) Bill-to / Ship-to Model

Even though there are two supplies (supplier → buyer; buyer → end-customer), there is only one physical movement. So only one e-way bill is required. Either the supplier or the intermediate supplier may generate it.

### (ii) Exemption from Filing Part-B

Normally an e-way bill is valid only if Part-B is filled. However, Part-B is not required if goods are transported up to 50 km within the State / UT:

  • From consignor's place to transporter's place, OR
  • From transporter's place to consignee's place.

### (iii) Consolidated E-Way Bill

Where multiple consignments move in a single conveyance, the transporter may (optionally) generate a Consolidated E-Way Bill indicating serial numbers of the individual e-way bills.

### (iv) Transporter's Duty for Small Consignors

Where individual consignors did not generate e-way bills because each consignment is ≤ ₹ 50,000, but aggregate value of consignments in the conveyance > ₹ 50,000 in case of inter-state supply, the transporter must generate the e-way bill.

Worked example

### Example 1

Example — Bill-to / Ship-to

A (Delhi) sells goods to B (Mumbai). B instructs A to ship the goods directly to C (Chennai). There are two supplies (A→B and B→C) but only one movement of goods (Delhi→Chennai). Only one e-way bill is required, and either A or B can generate it.

### Example 2

Example — Transporter Aggregation

A truck moves inter-state carrying 5 consignments:

  • Each consignment value = ₹ 40,000 (below ₹ 50,000 threshold).
  • None of the consignors generated an e-way bill.
  • Aggregate value in conveyance = ₹ 2,00,000 (> ₹ 50,000) AND it is inter-state.

→ The transporter must generate the e-way bill for the aggregated consignments.

⚠️ Common exam mistakes

  • Generating two e-way bills in bill-to/ship-to model — only one is needed.
  • Forgetting the 50-km exemption for Part-B between consignor/transporter/consignee.
  • Believing the transporter has no duty when individual consignments are below ₹ 50,000 — for inter-state aggregation > ₹ 50,000, the transporter must generate the e-way bill.
  • Mistaking consolidated e-way bill as mandatory — it is optional.
  • When supplier is unregistered and recipient is registered, expecting the supplier to generate the e-way bill — the recipient must.
Reference:
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