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Microlesson · 5-min read

Flow of GST - How Chapters Connect to Determine GST Liability

# Flow of GST: How Each Chapter Fits Together

Understanding GST is easier when you see the decision flow that determines whether GST is payable, how much, and who pays it. Every chapter in the GST syllabus answers one specific question in this flow.

## Step 1: Is GST Payable At All?

Before computing any tax, you must answer three threshold questions in order:

Q1. Is the transaction a 'Supply'? (Chapter: Supply)

  • If No → GST is NOT payable. Stop here.
  • If Yes → proceed to Q2.

Q2. Is it an Exempt Supply? (Chapter: Exemptions)

  • If Yes → GST is NOT payable. Stop here.
  • If No → proceed to Q3.

Q3. Is the supply notified under Reverse Charge Mechanism (RCM)? (Chapter: Charge of GST)

  • If Yes (RCM applies) → the Recipient is liable to pay GST (and is compulsorily required to register — see Registration).
  • If No (Forward Charge) → the Supplier is liable to pay GST, provided he is registered or liable to register.

## Step 2: When, How Much, and Which Tax to Pay?

Once liability is established, three further questions arise:

QuestionDetermined ByChapter
When to pay GST?Time of Supply rulesTime of Supply
How much to pay?Value of Supply × Rate of TaxValue of Supply (rate is fixed by Govt — not in syllabus)
Which tax to pay (CGST+SGST or IGST)?Whether supply is inter-state or intra-statePlace of Supply

Rule for which tax:

  • Intra-State Supply → CGST + SGST/UTGST
  • Inter-State Supply → IGST

## Step 3: GST Compliances

Compliances are grouped by frequency:

One-time:

  • Registration (Chapter: Registration)

Continuous:

  • Generation/issuance of documents like tax invoice, credit/debit notes, e-way bill (Chapters: Tax Invoice... ; E-Way Bill)
  • Maintenance of Books of Account (Chapter: Accounts and Records)

Periodical:

  • Deduction of TDS, if applicable (Chapter: Payment of Tax & TDS)
  • Collection of TCS, if applicable (Chapter: Electronic Commerce)
  • Filing of returns (Chapter: Returns)
  • Payment of tax (Chapter: Payment of Tax)

## Step 4: How is the Tax Actually Paid?

GST liability is discharged from two sources:

1. Cash — through the Electronic Cash Ledger (Chapter: Payment of Tax)

2. Input Tax Credit (ITC) — using tax already paid at an earlier stage (Chapter: Input Tax Credit)

## Why this Flow Matters

In the exam, you will rarely be told which chapter a question belongs to. Mentally walking through this flow — Supply → Exemption → RCM → Time/Value/Place → Compliance/Payment — lets you identify which rules apply to a given fact pattern.

Worked example

### Example 1

Example: Applying the Flow

A registered dealer in Delhi sells exempt agricultural produce worth ₹ 2,00,000 to a buyer in Mumbai.

Apply the flow:

  • Q1: Is it a supply? Yes (sale for consideration in course of business).
  • Q2: Is it exempt? Yes (agricultural produce is exempt).
  • Result: GST is NOT payable.

We never even reach the questions of RCM, Time/Value/Place of Supply. The flow stops at Step 1.

### Example 2

Example: Reaching the End of the Flow

A registered manufacturer in Jaipur supplies machinery worth ₹ 10,00,000 to a buyer in Mumbai (taxable, not under RCM).

Apply the flow:

  • Q1: Supply? Yes.
  • Q2: Exempt? No.
  • Q3: RCM? No → Supplier (manufacturer) is liable.
  • When? Per Time of Supply rules.
  • How much? ₹ 10,00,000 × applicable rate.
  • Which tax? Jaipur → Mumbai = Inter-State → IGST.
  • Pay via cash + available ITC.

⚠️ Common exam mistakes

  • Jumping straight to computing tax without first checking whether the transaction is a 'supply' at all — many questions test the threshold concept.
  • Confusing the RCM question with registration. RCM determines who pays; the recipient becomes compulsorily registrable as a consequence.
  • Treating 'exempt supply' the same as 'non-supply'. Both result in no GST, but exempt supplies still affect ITC computation and registration thresholds.
  • Forgetting that 'which tax' (CGST+SGST vs IGST) is a Place of Supply question, not a Charge question.
Reference:
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