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Microlesson · 5-min read

GST Common Portal, GSTN, E-Way Bill Portal and Invoice Registration Portal

# The Three GST Portals

GST is a technology-driven tax. Three distinct portals run the ecosystem — each with a specific job and a different operator.

## 1. Common GST Electronic Portal — www.gst.gov.in

Operator: Goods & Services Tax Network (GSTN), a Section 8 (not-for-profit) company.

Functions:

  • Provides a uniform interface for taxpayers.
  • Provides common & shared IT infrastructure between Centre and States.
  • Facilitates registration.
  • Forwards returns to Central & State tax authorities.
  • Computes and settles IGST apportionment.
  • Matches tax payments with banking networks.
  • Provides MIS reports to governments.
  • Analyses taxpayer profiles for compliance risk.

## 2. E-Way Bill Portal — www.ewaybillgst.gov.in

Operator: National Informatics Centre (NIC), Ministry of Electronics & IT.

Function: Generation of electronic way bills for movement of goods.

## 3. Invoice Registration Portal (IRP)

Operator: NIC, Ministry of Electronics & IT.

Function: Uploading and reporting of e-invoices by notified persons (currently turnover-based threshold).

## Why three portals?

The functions are different in nature:

  • Tax compliance (returns, payments, registration) → GSTN-built portal.
  • Logistics (movement of goods) → NIC's e-way bill system.
  • Real-time invoice validation → NIC's IRP system.

## Snapshot table

PortalURLOperatorPurpose
GST Common Portalgst.gov.inGSTN (Sec 8 Co.)Registration, returns, payments, IGST settlement
E-Way Billewaybillgst.gov.inNICGeneration of e-way bills
IRP(multiple URLs)NICE-invoice reporting

## Key trap

GSTN is a Section 8 company (not-for-profit) — it is not a government department.

Worked example

### Example 1

Question: Who manages the e-way bill portal? Answer: National Informatics Centre (NIC) under the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology — not GSTN.

### Example 2

Question: A registered taxpayer wants to file GSTR-3B. Which portal? Answer: www.gst.gov.in (Common GST Portal, managed by GSTN).

### Example 3

Question: A notified company needs to issue an e-invoice. Which portal? Answer: Invoice Registration Portal (IRP), managed by NIC.

⚠️ Common exam mistakes

  • Calling GSTN a 'government company' — it is a Section 8 (not-for-profit) company, not a Government Company under Section 2(45) of the Companies Act.
  • Mixing up the operator of the e-way bill portal — it is NIC, not GSTN.
  • Saying e-invoices are uploaded on the Common GST Portal — they are uploaded on the IRP (separate portal).
Reference:
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