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Microlesson · 5-min read

Apportioning Joint Costs — NRV at Split-Off Stage

# NRV Method at Split-Off Stage

The Net Realisable Value (NRV) method allocates joint cost in proportion to each product's net realisable value — sales minus further processing and selling expenses.

## Step 1: Decide Sales Price Base

  • If further processing is needed → use sales price after further processing
  • If saleable at split-off → use sales price at split-off

## Step 2: Build the NRV Table

ItemJoint Product 1Joint Product 2
Sales price (after/before further processing)xxxx
× No. of unitsxxxx
Total Sales Valuexxxxxx
Less: Further Processing Cost(xx)(xx)
Less: Further Selling Expenses(xx)(xx)
Final NRVxxxxxx

## Step 3: Allocate

Distribute total joint cost in the ratio of Final NRV across products.

## Why NRV?

NRV is theoretically superior because it isolates the value created up to the split-off point by stripping away post-split-off costs from total revenue. This avoids penalising or rewarding a product for the further processing effort.

Worked example

### Example 1

NRV Example: Joint cost = ₹1,50,000. After further processing:

  • Product X: 2,000 units @ ₹100; FPC ₹30,000; Selling exp ₹10,000
  • Product Y: 3,000 units @ ₹50; FPC ₹20,000; Selling exp ₹5,000
ItemXY
Sales2,00,0001,50,000
Less: FPC(30,000)(20,000)
Less: Sell exp(10,000)(5,000)
NRV1,60,0001,25,000

Ratio = 160 : 125 = 32 : 25

  • Cost X = 1,50,000 × 32/57 = ₹84,211
  • Cost Y = 1,50,000 × 25/57 = ₹65,789

⚠️ Common exam mistakes

  • Forgetting to deduct further processing cost — that turns NRV into Method IV (Market Value After Processing).
  • Deducting joint cost itself from sales — joint cost is what we are allocating; do not subtract it.
  • Using split-off price when further processing is mandatory before any sale is possible.
  • Mixing units (using total sales for one product and per-unit for another).
Reference:
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