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Microlesson · 5-min read

Units Transferred to Next Process and Also Sold

## When Units are Transferred to Next Process AND Also Sold

In some processes, part of the output is transferred to the next process and part is sold directly as an intermediate product (e.g., raw sugar sold while refined sugar is processed further).

### Step-by-Step Approach

Step 1: Prepare the process account normally.

  • Units transferred to the next process are solved as usual (at Normal Cost per Unit).
  • Units sold are transferred to Cost of Sales A/c (also at Normal Cost per Unit from the process).

Step 2: All goods are eventually accounted in Profit & Loss A/c.

  • If any selling or distribution overhead cannot be allocated or apportioned to a specific process, write it directly in the P/L A/c (do not force it into any process account).

### Why Both Treatments?

The Process A/c only captures manufacturing cost. Once units leave the process for sale, profit is realised — the difference between selling price and the process cost is recognised in P/L.

### Typical Flow

1. Process A/c → Output split: (a) transferred to next process; (b) transferred to Cost of Sales.

2. Cost of Sales A/c → P/L A/c with Sales Revenue.

3. Unallocable selling/distribution overheads → directly to P/L.

Worked example

### Example 1

Example: Process I produces 1,000 units at Normal Cost ₹40/unit. 700 units transferred to Process II, 300 units sold directly at ₹60/unit. Selling expenses ₹1,500 (general, unallocable).

  • Process A/c credit: To Process II = 700 × ₹40 = ₹28,000; To Cost of Sales = 300 × ₹40 = ₹12,000
  • P/L A/c: Sales = 300 × ₹60 = ₹18,000; Less COGS ₹12,000; Less Selling Exp ₹1,500 → Profit ₹4,500

⚠️ Common exam mistakes

  • Recording units sold at selling price in the Process A/c — they should leave at Normal Cost per Unit.
  • Allocating general selling/distribution overheads to processes when no logical basis exists.
  • Forgetting to recognise sales revenue in P/L for units sold mid-stream.
  • Mixing the cost of units transferred with cost of units sold.
Reference:
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