Paper 2 Qs

Mock Test Paper (MTP) · May 2020

CA Inter Audit & Ethics

This page contains all 2 questions from the CA Inter Auditing & Ethics Mock Test Paper (MTP) for the May 2020 attempt cycle, sourced from VSI Jaipur.

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Q.1 20 marks very hard Operating lease rent recognition, software development costs ⚡ Try this Q →

Question No. 1 is compulsory. Answer all four parts.

CTTP

Worked Solution

✓ Verified

## Part (a): Operating Lease Rent Recognition

(i) Annual Lease Rent:

Total revenue required by lessor = Cost + Profit margin
= Rs. 1,50,000 + (30% × Rs. 1,50,000)
= Rs. 1,50,000 + Rs. 45,000
= Rs. 1,95,000

Since rental is for 3 equal years:
Annual Lease Rent = Rs. 1,95,000 ÷ 3 = Rs. 65,000

(ii) Lease Rent Income Recognition Each Operating Year:

Under AS 11 (Operating Leases), lease income is recognized over the lease period. Given that output-based depreciation is specified, the lease rent income should be recognized based on the pattern of machine usage (output method), as this represents the pattern of benefit derivation.

Total output during 3-year lease = 40,000 + 50,000 + 60,000 = 150,000 units

Lease rent income each year = (Output in year / Total lease output) × Total lease rent

- Year 1: (40,000 ÷ 150,000) × Rs. 1,95,000 = Rs. 52,000
- Year 2: (50,000 ÷ 150,000) × Rs. 1,95,000 = Rs. 65,000
- Year 3: (60,000 ÷ 150,000) × Rs. 1,95,000 = Rs. 78,000

Total = Rs. 1,95,000 ✓

## Part (b): Software Development Costs

Under AS 26 (Intangible Assets), development phase costs are capitalized only after technical feasibility is established, subject to other recognition criteria. Costs before technical feasibility and post-completion costs are expensed.

Phase 1 (Detailed program & design): Rs. 50,000 - EXPENSE (incurred before technical feasibility)

Phase 2 (Coding & Testing): Rs. 40,000 - EXPENSE (technical feasibility established after Phase 2 completion, hence Phase 2 costs are pre-feasibility)

Phase 3 & 4 (Other coding): Rs. 63,000 - CAPITALIZE (incurred after technical feasibility established)

Phase 3 & 4 (Testing costs): Rs. 18,000 - CAPITALIZE (incurred after technical feasibility)

Phase 5 (Product masters for training): Rs. 19,500 - EXPENSE (post-development training materials)

Phase 6 (Packing): Rs. 16,500 - EXPENSE (pre-distribution packaging costs)

Summary of Accounting Treatment:
- Capitalize as Intangible Asset: Rs. 63,000 + Rs. 18,000 = Rs. 81,000
- Expense through P&L: Rs. 50,000 + Rs. 40,000 + Rs. 19,500 + Rs. 16,500 = Rs. 1,26,000

## Part (c): AS 4 - Classification of Post Balance Sheet Date Events

Financial year-end: March 31

(i) Fire damage on April 5:

This is an event (not a contingency) occurring 5 days after year-end. The fire represents a non-adjusting event because:
- The condition causing the fire did not exist at March 31
- It reflects a condition arising after the balance sheet date
- Under AS 4, events after year-end that do not provide evidence of year-end conditions are non-adjusting

Treatment: Disclose in notes to the financial statements (after approval, if it occurs before approval). No adjustment to financial statements. The fact that the asset is uninsured may be mentioned separately.

(ii) Lawsuit filed on April 10:

The lawsuit filed on April 10 is a non-adjusting event because:
- The suit was filed after March 31, indicating a condition arising post-balance sheet date
- Unless there was an existing underlying dispute at year-end (which would be a contingency), this is clearly a new claim
- Under AS 4, events after year-end reflecting new conditions are non-adjusting

Treatment: Disclose in notes to the financial statements. If it relates to an existing contingency at year-end, that contingency should have been disclosed; this new suit is the realization of that contingency post-year-end. Otherwise, it is simply disclosed as a non-adjusting event.

## Part (d): Basic Earnings Per Share

Calculation of Weighted Average Shares for FY 2019-20:

Rights issue: 1 new share for every 5 existing shares = 4,00,000 new shares
Last day to exercise: June 1, 2019 (during FY 2019-20)

- April 1 to May 31 (2 months): 20,00,000 shares
- June 1 to March 31 (10 months): 24,00,000 shares

Weighted average shares = (20,00,000 × 2/12) + (24,00,000 × 10/12) = 23,33,333 shares

EPS Calculations:

Basic EPS for 2018-19:
EPS = Rs. 30,00,000 ÷ 20,00,000 = Rs. 1.50 per share

Basic EPS for 2019-20:
EPS = Rs. 50,00,000 ÷ 23,33,333 = Rs. 2.14 per share (rounded)

Restated EPS for 2018-19:

To make prior year EPS comparable with current year (reflecting the dilution from rights issue), an adjustment is made using the ex-rights factor.

Theoretical ex-rights price = [(20,00,000 × Rs. 26) + (4,00,000 × Rs. 20)] ÷ 24,00,000
= Rs. 6,00,00,000 ÷ 24,00,000 = Rs. 25 per share

Adjustment factor = Ex-rights price ÷ Fair value before exercise
= Rs. 25 ÷ Rs. 26 = 0.9615

Restated EPS for 2018-19 = Rs. 1.50 × 0.9615 = Rs. 1.44 per share

Summary:
- EPS 2018-19: Rs. 1.50
- EPS 2019-20: Rs. 2.14
- Restated EPS 2018-19: Rs. 1.44

AS 11 (Operating Leases)AS 26 (Intangible Assets)AS 4 (Contingencies and Events Occurring After Balance Sheet Date)Accounting Standards (India)

PLAN

Write it like this

Time target 36 min

1The skeleton

- Name the AS in line 1 of every part — write 'As per AS 19 (Leases)' or 'As per AS 26 (Intangible Assets)' before any number; examiners allocate presentation marks for this and it anchors your answer immediately.
- In Part (a), derive Total Lease Rent first, then split by output ratio — showing Rs. 1,95,000 before the year-wise split proves your logic flows top-down; jumping to Year 1 straight away looks like guesswork even if the number is right.
- In Part (b), use a Phase → Amount → Capitalize/Expense → One-line reason format — a mini-table or consistent three-column structure lets the examiner tick each phase individually; prose paragraphs get partial credit at best because the examiner can't locate your reasoning fast.
- In Part (c), drop the label 'Adjusting Event' or 'Non-Adjusting Event' in bold as your very first word — that IS the answer; everything after is just your justification, and examiners award the classification mark in the first scan.
- In Part (d), write the Theoretical Ex-Rights Price formula explicitly before plugging in numbers — step marks exist for the formula; if your final EPS is off by a rounding error but the formula is visible, you still collect those marks.
- Close Part (d) with a boxed or underlined three-row summary — EPS 2018-19 (original), Restated EPS 2018-19, and EPS 2019-20 on separate lines; restated EPS is the highest-value line and burying it mid-calculation is how students lose the presentation mark.

2Examiner-rewarded phrases

“lease income shall be recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term unless another systematic basis is more representative of the time pattern in which benefit is derived from the leased asset”“technical feasibility of completing the intangible asset so that it will be available for use or sale has been established”“the event is a non-adjusting event as per AS 4, Contingencies and Events Occurring After the Balance Sheet Date, and accordingly disclosure shall be made in the notes to accounts”

3Common trap

Don't fall for this

The single killer mistake in Part (b) is capitalizing Phase 2 coding costs — students think 'coding = development phase = capitalize' and lose 3-4 marks. Phase 2 ends BEFORE technical feasibility is established, so it's pre-feasibility and must be expensed; only Phase 3 onwards qualifies. Also watch Part (a) — if you see output figures in the question, the examiner is screaming 'use output-based recognition', not straight-line; writing equal annual rent of Rs. 65,000 each year scores zero on the recognition part even though the total is correct.

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Q.2 20 marks very hard Amalgamation in nature of merger, pooling of interests metho ⚡ Try this Q →

The following were summarized Balance sheets of Robert Ltd. and Diamond Ltd. as at 31.03.2020: Liabilities (Rs. in lakhs) — Robert Ltd. / Diamond Ltd.: Equity Share Capital (fully paid shares of Rs. 10 each): 22,500 / 9,000 Securities Premium: 4,500 / — Foreign Project Reserve: — / 465 General Reserve: 14,250 / 4,800 Profit and Loss Account: 4,305 / 1,237.5 12% Debentures: — / 1,500 Trade payables: 1,800 / 694.5 Provisions: 2,745 / 1,053 Total: 50,100 / 18,750 Assets (Rs. in lakhs) — Robert Ltd. / Diamond Ltd.: Land and Buildings: 9,000 / — Plant and Machinery: 21,000 / 7,500 Furniture, Fixtures and Fittings: 3,456 / 2,550 Inventory: 11,793 / 6,061.5 Trade receivables: 3,180 / 1,650 Cash at Bank: 1,671 / 913.5 Cost of Issue of Debentures: — / 75 Total: 50,100 / 18,750 All the bills receivable held by Diamond Ltd. were Robert Ltd.'s acceptances. On 1st April 2020, Robert Ltd. took over Diamond Ltd. in an amalgamation in the nature of merger. It was agreed that in discharge of consideration for the business, Robert Ltd. would allot three fully paid equity shares of Rs. 10 each at par for every two shares held in Diamond Ltd. It was also agreed that 12% debentures in Diamond Ltd. would be converted into 13% debentures in Robert Ltd. of the same amount and denomination. Trade Payables detail (Rs. in lakhs) — Robert Ltd. / Diamond Ltd.: Creditors: 1,620 / 694.5; Bills Payable: 180 / —; Total: 1,800 / 694.5 Trade receivables detail (Rs. in lakhs) — Robert Ltd. / Diamond Ltd.: Debtors: 3,180 / 1,530; Bills Receivables: — / 120; Total: 3,180 / 1,650 Expenses of amalgamation amounting to Rs. 1.5 lakhs were borne by Robert Ltd. You are required to: (i) Pass journal entries in the books of Robert Ltd. and (ii) Prepare Robert Ltd.'s Balance Sheet immediately after the merger considering that the cost of issue of debentures shown in the balance sheet of Diamond Ltd. is not transferred to Robert Ltd.

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Worked Solution

✓ Verified

Amalgamation of Diamond Ltd. into Robert Ltd. — In the Nature of Merger (Pooling of Interests Method, AS 14)

Key Preliminary Computations:

Purchase Consideration: Diamond Ltd. has 9,000 ÷ 10 = 900 lakh equity shares. Robert Ltd. allots 3 shares for every 2 held: 900 × 3/2 = 1,350 lakh shares of Rs. 10 each = Rs. 13,500 lakhs (at par). The 12% Debentures (Rs. 1,500 lakhs) are separately converted to 13% Debentures of Robert Ltd. — this is an assumption of liability, not part of equity consideration.

Inter-Company Item: Diamond Ltd.'s Bills Receivable (Rs. 120 lakhs) are Robert Ltd.'s own acceptances and must be cancelled on merger against Robert's Bills Payable of Rs. 120 lakhs.

Cost of Issue of Debentures (Rs. 75 lakhs): Not transferred to Robert Ltd. — excluded from assets taken over.

Reserves of Diamond Ltd. incorporated under Pooling of Interests: Foreign Project Reserve Rs. 465 lakhs, General Reserve Rs. 4,800 lakhs, P&L Rs. 1,237.5 lakhs.

Adjustment to Robert's General Reserve: Robert issues shares worth Rs. 13,500 lakhs against Diamond's share capital of Rs. 9,000 lakhs — excess of Rs. 4,500 lakhs. Additionally, Rs. 75 lakhs of cost of debenture issue not taken over. Total debit to Robert's General Reserve = Rs. 4,575 lakhs. This ensures Diamond's net equity (15,502.5 − 75 = 15,427.5) is correctly reflected.

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(i) Journal Entries in the Books of Robert Ltd.

Entry 1 — Business Purchase:
Business Purchase A/c Dr. 13,500
To Liquidator of Diamond Ltd. A/c 13,500
(Being purchase consideration determined for business of Diamond Ltd.)

Entry 2 — Assets, Liabilities and Reserves taken over (Pooling of Interests):
Plant & Machinery A/c Dr. 7,500
Furniture, Fixtures & Fittings A/c Dr. 2,550
Inventory A/c Dr. 6,061.5
Trade Receivables (Debtors) A/c Dr. 1,530
Bills Receivable A/c Dr. 120
Cash at Bank A/c Dr. 913.5
General Reserve A/c Dr. 4,575 (Robert's GR debited for excess PC over Diamond's SC + cost of debenture issue not taken)
To 12% Debentures A/c 1,500
To Trade Payables (Creditors) A/c 694.5
To Provisions A/c 1,053
To Business Purchase A/c 13,500
To Foreign Project Reserve A/c 465
To General Reserve A/c 4,800
To Profit & Loss A/c 1,237.5
(Being assets and liabilities of Diamond Ltd. taken over at book values with reserves incorporated as required under pooling of interests method — AS 14)

Entry 3 — Discharge of Purchase Consideration (Issue of Shares):
Liquidator of Diamond Ltd. A/c Dr. 13,500
To Equity Share Capital A/c 13,500
(Being 1,350 lakh equity shares of Rs. 10 each issued at par to shareholders of Diamond Ltd.)

Entry 4 — Conversion of 12% Debentures to 13% Debentures:
12% Debentures A/c Dr. 1,500
To 13% Debentures A/c 1,500
(Being 12% Debentures of Diamond Ltd. converted into 13% Debentures of Robert Ltd. of same amount and denomination)

Entry 5 — Cancellation of Inter-Company Bills:
Bills Payable A/c Dr. 120
To Bills Receivable A/c 120
(Being cancellation of Robert Ltd.'s acceptances held as Bills Receivable by Diamond Ltd.)

Entry 6 — Amalgamation Expenses:
General Reserve A/c Dr. 1.5
To Cash at Bank A/c 1.5
(Being amalgamation expenses borne by Robert Ltd. charged to General Reserve)

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(ii) Balance Sheet of Robert Ltd. immediately after merger (as at 1st April 2020)

Liabilities	Rs. (lakhs)	Assets	Rs. (lakhs)
Equity Share Capital	36,000.0	Land & Buildings	9,000.0
Securities Premium	4,500.0	Plant & Machinery	28,500.0
Foreign Project Reserve	465.0	Furniture, Fixtures & Fittings	6,006.0
General Reserve	14,473.5	Inventory	17,854.5
Profit & Loss A/c	5,542.5	Trade Receivables (Debtors)	4,710.0
13% Debentures	1,500.0	Cash at Bank	2,583.0
Trade Payables	2,374.5
Provisions	3,798.0
Total	68,653.5	Total	68,653.5

Final Answer: The merged Balance Sheet of Robert Ltd. totals Rs. 68,653.5 lakhs on both sides. Under AS 14 — Accounting for Amalgamations, the pooling of interests method requires all assets and liabilities to be recorded at book values and all reserves of the transferor to be incorporated in the transferee's books.

AS 14 — Accounting for Amalgamations (Pooling of Interests Method, paras 28–40)Companies Act 2013 — Schedule III (Balance Sheet format)Section 230–232 of the Companies Act 2013 (Amalgamation provisions)

PLAN

Write it like this

Time target 36 min

1The skeleton

- State AS 14 + merger classification in your very first line — write 'Amalgamation in the nature of merger — Pooling of Interests Method (AS 14)' as a heading before anything else; examiners tick this off first and it signals you know the framework.
- Do all preliminary workings in a numbered block before Entry 1 — compute PC (900 lakh shares × 3/2 × Rs. 10), identify the inter-company bill (Rs. 120 lakhs), and calculate Robert's General Reserve debit (Rs. 4,500 + Rs. 75 = Rs. 4,575) upfront; this forces the examiner to follow your logic and award method marks even if a number slips.
- In Entry 2, show the GR debit on the debit side AND the GR credit on the credit side simultaneously, with a bracket note explaining the net — most students show one or the other; showing both with 'net debit to Robert's GR = 4,575' tells the examiner you understand pooling mechanics and is worth standalone marks.
- Write a separate Entry 4 for debenture conversion and a separate Entry 5 for inter-company cancellation — never club these into Entry 2; ICAI's model answers treat each as a distinct event, and clubbing costs you presentation marks.
- In the Balance Sheet, reconcile your General Reserve figure explicitly in a footnote — show: Robert's GR 14,250 − 4,575 + 4,800 (Diamond's GR) − 1.5 (expenses) = 14,473.5; examiners reward this trail because it proves you didn't guess the number.
- State the inter-company cancellation note below the Balance Sheet — one line: 'Bills Receivable of Diamond Ltd. (Rs. 120 lakhs) being Robert Ltd.'s own acceptances, cancelled against Bills Payable'; this note fetches a disclosure mark that most candidates leave on the table.

2Examiner-rewarded phrases

“amalgamation in the nature of merger as per AS 14 — Accounting for Amalgamations, and accordingly the pooling of interests method has been applied”“all assets and liabilities of the transferor company have been incorporated at their existing book values”“the excess of purchase consideration over the share capital of the transferor company has been adjusted against the General Reserve of the transferee company”

3Common trap

Don't fall for this

The single most dangerous mistake here is computing Robert's GR debit as Rs. 4,500 (PC minus Diamond's share capital) and stopping there — you must add Rs. 75 lakhs for the cost of debenture issue not transferred, making it Rs. 4,575. Almost everyone forgets that excluded asset, and a wrong GR cascades into a wrong Balance Sheet total, costing you 4–5 marks in one shot.

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