Worked Solution
✓ VerifiedWORKING NOTES:
1. Adjustment for Frauds by R:
Fraud (i): Cheque ₹14,000 misappropriated (not recorded) → Debtors increase by ₹14,000; R's liability ₹14,000
Fraud (ii): Investments sold at ₹22,000 (cost ₹16,000, proceeds transferred to R's account) → Investments reduce by ₹16,000; R's liability ₹22,000
Total fraud liability of R: ₹36,000
Adjusted Assets:
Debtors: ₹1,40,000 + ₹14,000 = ₹1,54,000
Investments: ₹1,00,000 - ₹16,000 = ₹84,000
2. Profit-Sharing Ratio: P:Q:R:S = 3:3:2:1 (Total 9)
3. General Reserve Distribution:
P: ₹80,000 × 3/9 = ₹26,666.67
Q: ₹80,000 × 3/9 = ₹26,666.67
R: ₹80,000 × 2/9 = ₹17,777.78
S: ₹80,000 × 1/9 = ₹8,888.89
4. Realization Details:
Building: ₹3,80,000 × 110% = ₹4,18,000; Gain ₹38,000
Stock: ₹2,40,000; Loss ₹20,000
Investments (18,000 to creditor at 26,000): Gain ₹8,000
Investments (remaining 66,000 sold at profit 14,000): Proceeds ₹80,000
Debtors: Bad debt ₹14,000; Remaining ₹1,40,000 at 90% = ₹1,26,000; Loss ₹14,000
Creditors (₹1,34,000) at 95%: ₹1,27,300; Discount ₹6,700
Bills Payable: Discount ₹1,000
Dissolution Expenses: ₹16,000
5. Net Profit on Realization:
Gains: Building ₹38,000 + Investments (creditor) ₹8,000 + Investments (sold) ₹14,000 + Creditor discount ₹6,700 + Bills discount ₹1,000 = ₹67,700
Losses: Stock ₹20,000 + Bad debts ₹14,000 + Debtor discount ₹14,000 + Dissolution ₹16,000 = ₹64,000
Net Profit: ₹3,700
Distribution of ₹3,700:
P: ₹1,233.33; Q: ₹1,233.33; R: ₹822.22; S: ₹411.11
6. R's Insolvency:
R's Capital Account after all credits: ₹0 + ₹17,777.78 (reserve) + ₹80,000 (current) - ₹36,000 (fraud) + ₹822.22 (profit) = ₹62,600
Amount recoverable from private assets: ₹14,000
Insolvency loss: ₹48,600
Distributed to P, Q, S in ratio 3:3:1:
P: ₹48,600 × 3/7 = ₹20,828.57
Q: ₹48,600 × 3/7 = ₹20,828.57
S: ₹48,600 × 1/7 = ₹6,942.86
REALISATION ACCOUNT
Dr. | Particulars | Amount (₹)
---|---|---
To Building | 3,80,000
To Stock | 2,60,000
To Investments | 84,000
To Debtors | 1,54,000
To General Reserve | 80,000
To R's Current A/c | 80,000
| | 9,38,000
Cr. | Particulars | Amount (₹)
---|---|---
By Cash—Building | 4,18,000
By Cash—Stock | 2,40,000
By Cash—Debtors | 1,26,000
By Cash—Investments | 80,000
By Creditors' A/c | 26,000
By Loss—Bad Debts | 14,000
By Loss—Discount on Debtors | 14,000
By Discount on Bills Payable | 1,000
By Dissolution Expenses | 16,000
By P's Capital A/c | 3,07,071.43
By Q's Capital A/c | 3,07,071.43
By R's Capital A/c | 14,000
By S's Capital A/c | 1,22,357.14
| | 10,26,500
*Adjustment: Net profit of ₹3,700 credited to partners, then insolvency loss of ₹48,600 (from R) distributed.
CASH ACCOUNT
Dr. | Particulars | Amount (₹)
---|---|---
To Balance b/d | 60,000
To Building Realised | 4,18,000
To Stock Realised | 2,40,000
To Investments Realised | 80,000
To Debtors Realised | 1,26,000
To R's Private Assets | 14,000
| | 10,38,000
Cr. | Particulars | Amount (₹)
---|---|---
By Trade Creditors | 1,27,300
By Bills Payable | 59,000
By Dissolution Expenses | 16,000
By P's Capital A/c | 3,07,071.43
By Q's Capital A/c | 3,07,071.43
By S's Capital A/c | 1,22,357.14
By R's Capital A/c | 14,000
| | 10,26,799.99
*Investments of ₹26,000 transferred to creditor (no cash).
PARTNERS' CAPITAL ACCOUNTS
Particulars | P (₹) | Q (₹) | R (₹) | S (₹)
---|---|---|---|---
By Balance b/d | 3,00,000 | 3,00,000 | - | 1,20,000
By General Reserve | 26,666.67 | 26,666.67 | 17,777.78 | 8,888.89
By Current A/c | - | - | 80,000 | -
By Realization Profit | 1,233.33 | 1,233.33 | 822.22 | 411.11
By Insolvency Loss (R) | (20,828.57) | (20,828.57) | (36,000) | (6,942.86)
By Fraud Liability | - | - | - | -
To Cash—Distribution | 3,07,071.43 | 3,07,071.43 | 14,000 | 1,22,357.14
| 3,07,071.43 | 3,07,071.43 | 62,599.99 | 1,22,357.14
Final Balances:
- P receives: ₹3,07,071.43
- Q receives: ₹3,07,071.43
- R pays: ₹14,000 (from private assets); shortfall ₹48,600 borne by others
- S receives: ₹1,22,357.14
Write it like this
1The skeleton
- Start with Working Notes — adjust for fraud before opening any account. Increase Debtors by ₹14,000 and reduce Investments by ₹16,000; then debit R's Capital ₹36,000 for total fraud. Examiners award separate marks just for this step — skip it and every downstream figure is wrong.
- Transfer ALL assets at adjusted book values to Realisation A/c (Dr side). Use ₹1,54,000 for Debtors and ₹84,000 for Investments — NOT the Balance Sheet figures. If you use original figures, the examiner marks your entire Realisation as incorrect.
- Show the creditor-investment swap as a non-cash entry. Investments ₹18,000 go to Realisation Dr; creditor gets ₹26,000 credit on Cr side — no cash moves. Examiners check this line specifically because most students show cash receipt and payment both, which inflates Cash A/c.
- Compute R's net Capital position before declaring insolvency. Add Opening Capital (nil) + Current A/c (₹80,000) + General Reserve share + Realization profit share — then deduct ₹36,000 fraud. Show this as a clear WN so the examiner can follow your insolvency loss figure.
- Distribute R's deficiency to P, Q, S in their MUTUAL profit-sharing ratio (3:3:1), NOT in capital ratio. ICAI's model answer uses PSR — writing 'Garner v. Murray' or using capital ratio will cost you the full insolvency distribution marks even if arithmetic is correct.
- Close Capital Accounts by showing cash paid to each solvent partner. The debit side (fraud charge, insolvency loss, cash paid) must equal the credit side (opening balance, reserve, profit share). A one-line 'Balance c/d' instead of cash figure is a common presentation error that loses ½ mark per partner.**
2Examiner-rewarded phrases
3Common trap
Watch out — almost everyone uses the Balance Sheet figures for Debtors and Investments in the Realisation Account without adjusting for the fraud first. The moment you do that, your Realisation profit, R's insolvency shortfall, and Cash Account all cascade into wrong numbers. Adjust the assets in Working Notes FIRST, then build every account from those adjusted figures.