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Microlesson · 5-min read

Allotment of Securities - Meaning, Principles & Statutory Provisions (Sections 39 & 40)

# Allotment of Securities (Sections 39 & 40)

## Meaning

Allotment of securities means an act of appropriation by the Board of Directors of the company out of the previously un-appropriated capital of a company, of a certain number of securities to persons who have made applications.

> It is on allotment that securities come into existence.

## General Principles Regarding Allotment

In addition to statutory provisions, the following general principles must be observed:

#PrincipleExplanation
1Proper authorityAllotment by the Board of Directors or a committee authorized by it. Allotment without proper authority is invalid.
2Reasonable timeMust be made within reasonable time. Otherwise applicant may refuse.
3Absolute & unconditionalAllotment cannot be conditional.
4CommunicationMust be communicated. Posting of allotment letter is valid communication even if lost or delayed in transit.
5CommissionCompany may pay commission to persons for subscription, subject to prescribed conditions.

## Statutory Provisions on Allotment (Sections 39 & 40)

### (1) Application Money

Company must have received in cash the amount payable on application, which must be at least 5% of the nominal value of securities or such other amount/percent as specified by SEBI.

### (2) Escrow Account

Application money received must be deposited in a separate Escrow Account in a Scheduled Bank before any allotment. Usage limited to:

  • Adjustment against allotment of securities (where listing permitted), OR
  • Repayment of money (where company is unable to allot for any reason)

### (3) Minimum Subscription

Minimum subscription stated in the prospectus must be received within 30 days from date of issue (or other period specified by SEBI).

Consequence of failure:

  • Issue fails
  • Entire amount must be refunded, without interest, within 15 days of issue closure
  • Beyond 15 days: officers in default must repay with interest at 15% p.a.

### (4) Listing Permission

Every company making a public offer must apply to one or more recognized stock exchanges and obtain permission before making the offer.

  • Prospectus must state which stock exchange has been applied to.
  • Any allotment without stock exchange permission is void.

#### Penalty for Default in Listing Application/Allotment

DefaulterMinimum FineMaximum Fine
CompanyRs. 5,00,000Rs. 50,00,000
Defaulting OfficerRs. 50,000Rs. 3,00,000

### (5) No Waiver of Conditions

Any condition requiring an applicant to waive compliance with this section is void.

## Return of Allotment

Whenever a company having share capital makes any allotment of securities, it shall file with the Registrar a return of allotment as prescribed.

### Time Limit & Form

  • Form: PAS-3
  • Time: within 30 days of allotment
  • Filed along with fee and:
  • (a) List of allottees stating names, address, occupation (if any)
  • (b) Number of securities allotted to each

### Additional Attachments to Form PAS-3

(i) Where shares issued for consideration other than cash [Rule 12(3)]:

  • Copy of contract, duly stamped, pursuant to which securities allotted
  • Any contract of sale relating to property/asset or contract for services or other consideration

(ii) Where contract is not in writing [Rule 12(4)]:

Company shall furnish complete particulars of contract stamped with same duty as if reduced to writing, deemed an instrument under the Indian Stamp Act, 1899.

(iii) Valuation report [Rule 12(5)]:

Registered valuer's report required in respect of valuation of consideration if Rule 12(3) or 12(4) applies.

(iv) Shares under Section 62(1)(c) [Rule 12(7)]:

For unlisted companies (other than those whose equity shares or convertible preference shares are listed on any recognised stock exchange), valuation report of registered valuer must be attached to Form PAS-3.

## Penalty for Default in Return of Allotment

For default under sub-section (3) or (4): company and officer in default liable to a penalty for each default of Rs. 1,000 per day during which the default continues, or Rs. 1,00,000, whichever is less.

Worked example

### Example 1

Example 1 (Application Money): A company issues shares of face value Rs. 100 each. The minimum amount payable on application must be Rs. 5 (5% of nominal value) or such higher amount as SEBI may specify.

### Example 2

Example 2 (Minimum Subscription Failure): Prospectus issued on 1 April 2026 stipulates minimum subscription Rs. 10 crore. By 1 May 2026 only Rs. 7 crore received. The issue fails; the entire amount must be refunded by 15 May 2026. If not refunded by then, the directors (officers in default) become personally liable to refund with 15% p.a. interest.

### Example 3

Example 3 (Return of Allotment Default): A company makes allotment on 1 Jan 2026 but files Form PAS-3 only on 1 Mar 2026 (60 days late, default of 30 days beyond limit). Penalty = Rs. 1,000 × 30 = Rs. 30,000 (since less than Rs. 1,00,000 cap).

### Example 4

Example 4 (Consideration other than cash): Company allots 1,00,000 equity shares to a vendor in exchange for a piece of machinery. Along with Form PAS-3, the company must attach (a) stamped copy of contract, (b) registered valuer's report on valuation of the machinery.

⚠️ Common exam mistakes

  • Treating allotment by an unauthorized committee as valid - allotment without proper authority is INVALID.
  • Forgetting that posting an allotment letter is valid communication, even if it never reaches the applicant.
  • Confusing the 30-day minimum subscription window with the 15-day refund window - they are separate.
  • Believing interest is payable on refund if made within 15 days - refund within 15 days is WITHOUT interest; beyond 15 days, 15% p.a. applies.
  • Missing that any allotment without stock exchange permission is VOID (not merely voidable).
  • Confusing the per-day default penalty (Rs. 1,000/day) with the cap (Rs. 1,00,000 maximum, whichever lower).
Bare-Act text Sections 39 & 40 · The Companies Act, 2013; Companies (Prospectus and Allotment of Securities) Rules, 2014 · click to expand
Section 39 (Allotment of Securities) and Section 40 (Securities to be Dealt with in Stock Exchanges) - read with Rule 12 of the Companies (Prospectus and Allotment of Securities) Rules, 2014.
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