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Microlesson · 5-min read

Tax Rates on Long-Term Capital Gains - Sections 112A and 112

# Sections 112A & 112 — Tax Rates on LTCG

## Section 112A — LTCG on STT-Paid Listed Securities

Applicable on LTCG from:

  • Equity shares (listed)
  • Unit of Equity Oriented Fund
  • Unit of Business Trust

Tax Rate: 12.5% on LTCG exceeding ₹ 1,25,000

Key Conditions / Points:

1. LTCG up to ₹ 1,25,000 in aggregate is exempt from tax (the exemption is applied while computing tax — the gross figure still appears under "Capital Gains" head).

2. Equity shares must be listed both at the time of purchase and sale.

3. STT must be paid on both buy and sell (for equity shares).

### Cost of Acquisition (if purchased on or before 31.1.2018) — Grandfathering

COA = Lower of (Sale Consideration, Higher of (FMV as on 31.1.2018, Actual Purchase Price))

### FMV as on 31.1.2018

  • Equity Shares: Highest trading price on 31.1.2018
  • Equity Oriented Fund / Business Trust Unit:
  • If listed on 31.1.18 → Highest trading price on 31.1.18
  • If not listed → Net Asset Value (NAV) on 31.1.18

## Section 112 — LTCG on Other Assets

Tax Rate: 12.5% (without indexation)

### Special Option for Resident Individual / HUF

For LTCG on land and building acquired before 23.7.2024, the resident Individual/HUF may opt for:

  • 12.5% without indexation, OR
  • 20% with indexation (whichever is more beneficial)

This option is only for tax computation; the Income under "Capital Gains" head is shown without indexation.

## Indexed Cost of Acquisition

ICOA = (COA / Index of year of purchase) × Index of year of transfer

CII: P.Y. 2001-02 = 100; P.Y. 2025-26 = 376

If asset purchased before 1.4.2001, use CII = 100 (year 2001-02).

## Other Points (Common to 111A / 112A / 112)

  • No Chapter VI-A deduction.
  • Basic exemption limit benefit is available only to a Resident Individual / HUF (first from other income, then from 111A/112A/112 income).

Worked example

### Example 1

Example 1 (112A): Mr. Ravi sold listed equity shares on 1.5.2025. Sale = ₹ 10 lakhs; Purchase Price (15.1.2017) = ₹ 4 lakhs; FMV on 31.1.18 = ₹ 6 lakhs. COA = Lower of (₹10L, Higher of (₹6L, ₹4L)) = ₹ 6 lakhs. LTCG = ₹ 4 lakhs. Tax = (4 − 1.25) × 12.5% = ₹ 34,375.

### Example 2

Example 2 (112 — Resident option): Land purchased in 2010 for ₹ 10 lakhs (CII 167), sold in P.Y. 2025-26 (CII 376) for ₹ 40 lakhs. Option 1 (12.5% w/o indexation): LTCG = ₹ 30 lakhs → Tax = ₹ 3,75,000. Option 2 (20% with indexation): ICOA = 10 × 376/167 = ₹ 22.51 lakhs → LTCG = ₹ 17.49 lakhs → Tax = ₹ 3,49,800. Beneficial: Option 2.

⚠️ Common exam mistakes

  • Using the old 10% / 20% rates; current rate is 12.5% post 23.7.2024.
  • Forgetting the ₹ 1,25,000 exemption ceiling under 112A (was ₹1 lakh earlier).
  • Showing the LTCG net of ₹ 1.25 lakh exemption under the Capital Gains head — it's shown gross; exemption applied only at tax computation stage.
  • Applying the indexation option to non-resident or non-individual/HUF taxpayers — only Resident Individual/HUF qualifies.
  • Forgetting that the option for 20% with indexation is only for land/building acquired before 23.7.2024.
Bare-Act text Sections 112 and 112A · Income Tax Act, 1961 · click to expand
Section 112A levies tax @ 12.5% on LTCG exceeding ₹ 1,25,000 from STT-paid listed equity shares/units of equity oriented mutual fund/business trust. Section 112 prescribes 12.5% tax rate on LTCG from other long-term capital assets. Resident Individual/HUF may opt for 20% tax with indexation on land/building acquired before 23.7.2024.
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