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Microlesson · 5-min read

Perquisites – Overview & Distinction from Allowances

## Perquisite vs Allowance

AllowancePerquisite
A fixed amount of money paid monthly to meet a particular expense (whether incurred or not).A benefit or facility provided in kind, or expenses reimbursed/paid by the employer on behalf of the employee.
Example: Medical Allowance ₹2,000 p.m.Example: Medical facility at company hospital, or medical bills paid by employer.

## Why this distinction matters

  • Allowances are taxed under Section 17(1)/(3) and may be exempt under Section 10(13A)/(14).
  • Perquisites are taxed under Section 17(2) with their own valuation rules (Rule 3) and a separate list of exemptions.

## Categories of Perquisites in Syllabus

1. Medical Facilities – inside India / outside India distinction.

2. Education Facilities – for employee / children / other family members.

3. Leave Travel Concession (LTC) – Section 10(5) read with Rule 2B.

4. Food / Lunch / Refreshments.

5. (Other perquisites – car, RFA, ESOP, loans etc. covered separately in the chapter).

Worked example

### Example 1

Allowance vs Perquisite: Employer pays ₹2,000 p.m. medical allowance → ₹24,000 fully taxable allowance (no perquisite valuation). Alternatively, if employer reimburses ₹24,000 of actual medical bills → it is a perquisite under section 17(2).

⚠️ Common exam mistakes

  • Treating medical reimbursement as exempt up to ₹15,000 – that exemption stood withdrawn from AY 2019-20 onwards.
  • Treating an allowance as a perquisite or vice versa – the language of the question controls the treatment.
Bare-Act text Section 17(2); Rule 3 · Income-tax Act, 1961 · click to expand
Section 17(2) – 'Perquisite' includes — (i) the value of rent-free accommodation provided to the assessee by his employer; (ii) the value of any concession in the matter of rent…; (iii) the value of any benefit or amenity granted or provided free of cost or at concessional rate in (specified) cases; (iv) any sum paid by the employer in respect of any obligation which, but for such payment, would have been payable by the assessee; (v) any sum payable by the employer to effect an assurance on the life of the assessee or to effect a contract for an annuity; (vi) ESOPs; (vii)/(viia) employer contribution to specified funds beyond prescribed limits and accretion thereon; (viii) the value of any other fringe benefit or amenity as may be prescribed.
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