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Microlesson · 5-min read

Charging Section and Computation of Total Income

## Charging Section [Section 4]

Income Tax is levied on the Total Income of every person at the rates specified in:

  • Finance Act [Schedule I] → General Tax Rates
  • Income Tax Act, 1961 → Special and Concessional Tax Rates

### Steps for Computing Total Income & Tax Liability

Step 1: Determine Residential Status

  • Resident → Global Income (Indian + Foreign) taxable.
  • Non-Resident → Only Indian Income taxable.

Step 2: Compute Income under the 5 Heads

HeadAmount (₹)
Income from SalaryXX
Income from House PropertyXX
Income from Business & ProfessionXX
Income from Capital GainsXX
Income from Other SourcesXX

Step 3: Apply Clubbing of Income provisions

Step 4: Set-off and Carry Forward of Losses

Step 5: Arrive at Gross Total Income (GTI)

Step 6: Allow Deductions under Chapter VI-A → resulting in Total Income (TI)

Step 7: Compute Tax on Total Income

ItemAmount
General Rate Income × General/Concessional Tax RatesXX
Special Rate Income × Special Tax Rates [Compulsory]XX
TaxXX
(+) Surcharge (if Total Income exceeds threshold)XX
(+) Health & Education Cess @ 4% of (Tax + SC)XX
Total Tax LiabilityXX
(-) TDS / TCS / Advance Tax(XX)
Net Tax Payable / (Refundable)XX

### Key Points

  • Special Rate Tax application is compulsory — no option to use slab rates.
  • Health & Education Cess @ 4% is mandatory in all cases.
  • Surcharge is a 'tax on tax' and is applicable only when Total Income crosses specified thresholds.

⚠️ Common exam mistakes

  • Applying slab rates to incomes that fall under special rate sections (e.g., LTCG u/s 112A, casual income u/s 115BB) — these must be taxed at the special rate compulsorily.
  • Adding cess only on basic tax and forgetting to add it on surcharge as well.
  • Forgetting that Chapter VI-A deductions are subtracted from GTI to arrive at Total Income (not the other way around).
Bare-Act text Section 4 - Charge of Income Tax · Income Tax Act, 1961 · click to expand
Where any Central Act enacts that income-tax shall be charged for any assessment year at any rate or rates, income-tax at that rate or those rates shall be charged for that year in accordance with, and subject to the provisions (including provisions for the levy of additional income-tax) of, this Act in respect of the total income of the previous year of every person.
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