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Microlesson · 5-min read

Stock Valuation Adjustments

# Stock Adjustments in PGBP Computation

When opening or closing stock is incorrectly valued, the profit must be adjusted to arrive at the correct PGBP income.

## Adjustment Rules

SituationEffect on Profit
Opening Stock undervaluedLess (deduct from profit)
Opening Stock overvaluedAdd to profit
Closing Stock undervaluedAdd to profit
Closing Stock overvaluedLess (deduct from profit)

## Logic

  • Opening Stock appears on the debit side of Trading Account → it reduces profit.
  • If undervalued, it has under-reduced the profit, i.e., profit is overstated → reduce profit by amount of undervaluation.
  • If overvalued, it has over-reduced the profit → add back the overvaluation.
  • Closing Stock appears on the credit side of Trading Account → it increases profit.
  • If undervalued, it has under-increased the profit → add the undervaluation.
  • If overvalued, it has over-increased the profit → deduct the overvaluation.

Worked example

### Example 1

Example: Reported profit = ₹10,00,000.

  • Opening stock undervalued by ₹50,000
  • Closing stock overvalued by ₹70,000

Adjusted profit = 10,00,000 − 50,000 (Op. undervalued) − 70,000 (Cl. overvalued) = ₹8,80,000

⚠️ Common exam mistakes

  • Reversing the signs — overvaluation of closing stock should DECREASE profit, not increase it.
  • Adjusting only one side (opening OR closing) when both need adjustment.
  • Not aligning valuation method consistently (Section 145A requires inclusive method).
Reference: Section 145A — Income Tax Act, 1961
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