Launch offer — 25% off with code LAUNCH-25 See plans →
Microlesson · 5-min read

Steps to Implement ABC & Examples of Cost Drivers

# Steps to Implement ABC

A five-step procedure is followed to apply Activity Based Costing in an organisation:

Step 1 — Identify the Activities to be performed in producing/servicing the product (e.g. setup, inspection, packaging, ordering, despatch).

Step 2 — Calculate Total Cost Pool for each activity by clubbing all costs incurred in performing that activity.

Step 3 — Identify the Cost Driver for each activity — i.e. the factor causing variation in that activity's cost.

Step 4 — Find Total Number of Cost Drivers consumed across all products / departments during the period.

Step 5 — Calculate the Recovery Rate for each activity:

$$\text{Recovery Rate} = \frac{\text{Cost Pool}}{\text{Total Cost Drivers}}$$

Finally, multiply the recovery rate by the cost drivers consumed by each product to get the activity cost chargeable to that product.

## Examples of Cost Drivers across Business Functions

Business FunctionLikely Cost Driver
Research & DevelopmentNo. of projects undertaken / Hours spent on projects
Designing CostNo. of products designed / Hours spent on design
Customer ServiceNo. of customer calls / Hours spent on servicing
MarketingNo. of advertisements / No. of persons in marketing team
Production SetupNo. of setups
Material ProcurementNo. of purchase orders
Quality InspectionNo. of inspections
DespatchNo. of despatches / Weight despatched

Worked example

### Example 1

Full ABC computation (mini illustration)

A company performs two activities — Setup (cost pool ₹3,00,000; 600 setups in total) and Inspection (cost pool ₹1,20,000; 400 inspections in total). Product X required 50 setups and 80 inspections.

Step 5 — Recovery Rates:

  • Setup: 3,00,000 / 600 = ₹500 / setup
  • Inspection: 1,20,000 / 400 = ₹300 / inspection

OH charged to Product X:

  • Setup: 50 × 500 = ₹25,000
  • Inspection: 80 × 300 = ₹24,000
  • Total ABC overhead for X = ₹49,000

⚠️ Common exam mistakes

  • Skipping Step 1 and starting directly with cost allocation — without correctly identifying activities, every subsequent step is wrong.
  • Selecting one cost driver for the entire factory — defeats the purpose of ABC. Each activity needs its own driver.
  • Using budgeted drivers when actual drivers are required (or vice-versa) without consistency in numerator and denominator.
  • Treating direct material and direct labour as activities — only overheads / indirect costs are allocated under ABC. Direct costs are charged directly to products.
Reference:
Now that you've read this — what's next?
Move from understanding → mastery in 3 clicks. Each option below picks up from this lesson's topic.
Start 15-min diagnostic