# Sections 14 and 15 — Exercise and Manner of Powers
## Section 14 — Power conferred to be exercisable from time to time
Where any Central Act or Regulation confers a power on any authority, the power may be exercised from time to time, as occasion requires, unless a different intention appears.
### Key implications
- A power is not exhausted by a single exercise — it is recurring and continuous.
- Examples: power to make rules, power to issue notifications, power to grant exemptions, power to impose conditions. Each can be exercised whenever the situation demands.
- This is read with Section 21 (which permits amendment, variation or rescission of orders/rules made under such powers).
## Section 15 — Power to appoint to include power to appoint ex-officio
Where any Central Act or Regulation gives any authority the power to appoint any person to an office, the appointment may be made either:
- by name (specifying the individual), or
- by virtue of office (ex-officio).
### What is 'ex-officio'?
A Latin term meaning 'by virtue of one's office'. The person who happens to hold a particular office automatically also holds the appointed position, without a separate name-wise appointment.
### Illustration
Under the Companies Act, 2013, the Chairman of the Board of Directors is, by default, the Chairman of the General Meeting (unless he chooses otherwise).
➡ Whoever holds the office of Chairman of the Board is ex-officio Chairman of the Meeting. A power to appoint the Chairman of the Board therefore impliedly includes the power to appoint the Chairman of the Meeting.
### Practical importance
Ex-officio appointments save the trouble of re-issuing fresh appointment orders every time the office-holder changes. The position automatically attaches to whoever currently holds the linked office.