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Microlesson · 5-min read

Forward Charge vs Reverse Charge Mechanism

# Forward Charge (FCM) vs Reverse Charge (RCM)

## Default rule — Forward Charge Mechanism (FCM)

The supplier collects GST from the recipient along with the price of the supply, and deposits it with the Government. This is the normal, default mechanism.

## Exception — Reverse Charge Mechanism (RCM)

For certain notified categories of goods/services, the recipient pays GST directly to the Government instead of the supplier collecting it. RCM applies on:

  • Supply of goods notified under RCM (not in CA Inter syllabus)
  • Supply of services notified under RCM

The Government notifies these categories on the recommendation of the GST Council.

## Side-by-side comparison

AspectFCMRCM
Who collects GST from recipientSupplier(Not collected — recipient pays directly to Govt)
Who deposits GST with GovtSupplierRecipient
Default mechanism?YesNo — only when notified
Recipient pays supplierPrice + GSTOnly the price

## Illustration

FCM example. Ram buys a laptop priced at ₹1,00,000. Supplier raises an invoice for ₹1,18,000 (₹1,00,000 + ₹18,000 GST). Ram pays ₹1,18,000 to supplier; supplier deposits ₹18,000 to Government.

RCM example. Ram receives a notified service priced at ₹1,00,000. Ram pays only ₹1,00,000 to supplier and deposits ₹18,000 GST directly to the Government himself.

## Why RCM exists

RCM helps the Government collect tax from:

  • Sectors with many small/unorganised suppliers (better compliance via larger recipients), and
  • Specific high-value categories where the recipient is the better-equipped collector (e.g., legal services to companies, GTA services to corporates).

Worked example

### Example 1

Q. A registered company receives audit advisory from a CA firm for ₹50,000 + GST. Who pays GST and how?

A. CA services are not notified under RCM. FCM applies. The CA firm charges ₹50,000 + GST on its invoice, collects the full amount from the company, and deposits GST with the Government.

### Example 2

Q. A registered company receives legal services from an advocate for ₹50,000. How does the tax flow?

A. Legal services by an advocate to a business entity are notified under RCM. The advocate raises an invoice for ₹50,000 (no GST). The company pays ₹50,000 to the advocate and deposits GST directly to the Government under reverse charge.

⚠️ Common exam mistakes

  • Adding GST to the supplier's invoice under RCM — supplier does not charge GST in the bill; recipient self-pays directly.
  • Assuming RCM applies to all transactions with small suppliers — RCM only applies to notified categories.
  • Forgetting that under RCM the recipient is the person liable to deposit tax even if the supplier is unregistered.
  • Confusing reverse charge with deduction at source — RCM is a full tax liability on the recipient, not a withholding mechanism.
Reference: Section 9(3) CGST / Section 5(3) IGST — Section 9(3)/9(4) of CGST Act; Section 5(3)/5(4) of IGST Act
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