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Microlesson · 5-min read

Reverse Charge Mechanism (RCM) – Concept

# Reverse Charge Mechanism (RCM)

## Concept [Section 2(98)]

Under RCM, the liability to pay GST shifts from the supplier to the recipient of goods/services for notified categories of supply.

## Statutory Trigger

RCM applies in two situations:

SituationCGSTIGST
Notified categories of goods/servicesSection 9(3)Section 5(3)
Specified goods/services supplied by unregistered persons to specified class of registered personsSection 9(4)Section 5(4)

## Key Principle

Where RCM applies, all provisions of the CGST/IGST Act apply to the recipient as if he were the person liable for paying tax. This means:

  • Recipient must self-invoice (in certain cases).
  • Recipient pays tax in cash (no ITC utilisation for paying RCM liability).
  • Recipient can later claim ITC of the tax paid under RCM (subject to general ITC rules).

## Why RCM?

  • Brings unorganised/unregistered suppliers indirectly into the tax net.
  • Ensures collection from sectors where compliance is otherwise difficult (e.g., advocate, GTA, sponsorship).
  • Streamlines collection from large registered recipients rather than chasing many small suppliers.

Worked example

### Example 1

Example: A registered company avails legal services from an individual advocate. Even though the advocate (supplier) is in the chain, the company (recipient) is liable to pay GST under RCM as per Section 9(3) of the CGST Act.

### Example 2

Example: A GTA opts to NOT pay GST under forward charge and supplies transport services to a registered manufacturer. The manufacturer pays GST @ 5% under RCM.

⚠️ Common exam mistakes

  • Paying RCM liability using Input Tax Credit — RCM must always be paid in cash.
  • Forgetting that the recipient under RCM is treated as if he were the supplier for all compliance purposes.
  • Confusing Sec 9(3) (notified categories) with Sec 9(4) (purchases from unregistered persons by specified class).
Bare-Act text Section 2(98) · CGST Act, 2017 · click to expand
'Reverse charge' means the liability to pay tax by the recipient of supply of goods or services or both instead of the supplier of such goods or services or both under sub-section (3) or sub-section (4) of section 9, or under sub-section (3) or sub-section (4) of section 5 of the Integrated Goods and Services Tax Act.
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