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Microlesson · 5-min read

Product Cost Statement under Absorption Costing and ABC

## Product Cost Statement: Absorption Costing vs ABC

The prime cost section (Direct Material + Direct Labour + Direct Expenses) is identical under both methods. The difference lies entirely in how factory overhead is loaded.

### Under Overhead Absorption Costing

Factory overhead is charged department-wise using an absorption rate:

> Factory Overhead = OH Absorption Rate x Actual Base Quantity Consumed

ParticularsAmount (₹)
Direct Materialxxx
Direct Labourxxx
Direct Expensesxxx
Factory Overhead — Department Axxx
Factory Overhead — Department Bxxx
Total Costxxx

### Under ABC

Factory overhead is charged activity-wise using cost driver rates:

> Factory Overhead = Cost Driver Rate x Cost Driver Quantity

ParticularsAmount (₹)
Direct Materialxxx
Direct Labourxxx
Direct Expensesxxx
Factory Overhead — Activity 1xxx
Factory Overhead — Activity 2xxx
Factory Overhead — Activity 3xxx
Total Costxxx

### Key takeaway

The total overhead pool to be absorbed is the same under both methods; ABC merely redistributes it across products more accurately by tracing each slice to its causal activity rather than to a department base.

Worked example

### Example 1

Format application (illustrative): If a product consumes 200 machine hours and the departmental absorption rate is ₹50/hour, Factory Overhead under absorption costing = 200 x ₹50 = ₹10,000 for that department. Under ABC, the same product's overhead would instead be built up activity-by-activity: e.g., 4 machine set-ups x ₹800 (set-up cost driver rate) + 10 material orders x ₹300 (ordering rate) + 2 inspections x ₹500 (inspection rate) = ₹3,200 + ₹3,000 + ₹1,000 = ₹7,200.

⚠️ Common exam mistakes

  • Recomputing or changing direct costs between the two statements — Direct Material, Labour and Expenses stay the same; only the overhead section differs.
  • Using a single base for all overhead under ABC instead of separate cost driver rates per activity.
  • Mixing up the two formulas: Absorption = OH Rate x Base Quantity; ABC = Cost Driver Rate x Cost Driver Quantity.
Reference:
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