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Microlesson · 5-min read

CARO 2020 – Cash Losses (Clause xvii)

## CARO 2020 Clause (xvii) – Cash Losses

### What the Auditor Must Report

The auditor must state:

  • Whether the company has incurred cash losses in the current financial year, AND
  • Whether it incurred cash losses in the immediately preceding financial year.
  • If yes to either: state the amount of cash losses in that year.

### Understanding Cash Loss

Cash Loss = Net loss adjusted for non-cash items (depreciation, amortisation, provisions, etc.)

> Cash Loss is essentially negative cash flow from operations (operating cash outflow).

A company may show a book profit yet suffer a cash loss (e.g., high depreciation offsetting losses), or conversely show a book loss without a cash loss.

### Why This Matters for Audit

SituationAuditor's Concern
Cash loss in current year onlyPossible one-off — investigate cause
Cash loss in both current and preceding yearPersistent problem — signals going concern risk
Large cash lossesMay trigger qualification / emphasis of matter

### Reporting Format

YearCash Loss (₹)
Current FYAmount / Nil
Immediately Preceding FYAmount / Nil

If no cash loss in either year → simply state that no cash losses were incurred.

Worked example

### Example 1

Example 1 – Cash loss in both years:

PQR Ltd. reported a book loss of ₹50 lakh in FY 2024-25. After adding back depreciation of ₹30 lakh and other non-cash provisions of ₹5 lakh, the operating cash flow is negative ₹15 lakh. In FY 2023-24 also, cash loss was ₹10 lakh.

CARO Reporting: The company has incurred cash losses of ₹15 lakh in the current FY and ₹10 lakh in the immediately preceding FY.

### Example 2

Example 2 – Book profit but cash loss:

ABC Ltd. reports a profit of ₹20 lakh but cash from operations is negative ₹8 lakh due to large working capital build-up and non-cash income recognition.

CARO Reporting: Despite book profit, a cash loss of ₹8 lakh must be reported — this clause looks at cash flows, not accounting profit.

⚠️ Common exam mistakes

  • Confusing 'book loss' with 'cash loss' — they are different; cash loss is computed from operating cash flows.
  • Reporting only the current year and ignoring the preceding year — both years must be disclosed.
  • Omitting the exact amount — a vague 'yes, cash loss incurred' without the rupee figure is incomplete.
  • Treating negative investing/financing cash flows as cash losses — only operating cash outflows constitute cash losses.
Bare-Act text Para 3(xvii) · Companies (Auditor's Report) Order, 2020 (CARO 2020) · click to expand
Whether the company has incurred cash losses in the financial year and in the immediately preceding financial year, if so, state the amount of cash losses in the current year and immediately preceding financial year.
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