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Microlesson · 5-min read

Audit Planning as a Continuous and Iterative Process — Preliminary Matters

## Audit Planning — Continuous and Iterative Nature

Audit planning is not a one-time event done before fieldwork. It is a continuous, iterative process that evolves as the auditor gains more understanding of the entity.

### Matters to Consider Before Risk Identification and Assessment

Before the auditor formally identifies and assesses the risks of material misstatement, planning requires considering:

#MatterPurpose
1Analytical procedures to be applied as risk assessment proceduresIdentify unusual trends/relationships that signal risk
2Obtaining general understanding of the legal and regulatory framework applicable and how the entity compliesIdentify compliance risks
3Determination of materialitySet the threshold below which misstatements are acceptable
4Involvement of expertsIdentify areas requiring specialist knowledge
5Performance of other risk assessment proceduresRound out the risk picture

### Why 'Iterative'?

As audit work progresses, findings may require revisiting earlier planning decisions. For example:

  • A control weakness discovered during fieldwork may increase materiality concerns → plan is updated.
  • An expert's finding may reveal a new risk area → additional procedures added.

This iterative nature means the audit plan is a living document, not a static checklist.

Worked example

### Example 1

PYP May 2024 (3M) — LM Ltd.: CA E, auditor of LM Ltd., is planning the audit. Before formally assessing risk of material misstatement, he must consider: (1) which analytical procedures to run as risk assessment tools, (2) the legal/regulatory framework for LM Ltd., (3) what materiality level to set, (4) whether any experts are needed, and (5) what other risk assessment procedures to perform. These five items constitute the preliminary planning matters.

⚠️ Common exam mistakes

  • Treating audit planning as a one-time pre-audit activity — the examiner keyword is 'continuous and iterative'.
  • Omitting 'determination of materiality' from the list — it seems like a separate topic but is explicitly a planning matter.
  • Not explaining what 'analytical procedures as risk assessment procedures' means — it means ratio analysis, trend analysis etc. used to spot anomalies before diving into detail testing.
  • Confusing 'involvement of experts' at the planning stage (decide if needed) vs engagement stage (actually use them).
Reference:
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