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Microlesson · 5-min read

Summary of Decision Criteria for Capital Budgeting Techniques

## Decision Rules for Capital Budgeting Techniques

Techniques split into Non-Discounted (ignore time value of money) and Discounted (account for it). The accept/reject rule for independent projects differs from the selection rule for mutually exclusive projects.

### Non-Discounted Techniques

TechniqueIndependent projectMutually exclusive
Payback PeriodAccept if Payback ≤ Maximum Acceptable Payback; Reject if ≥Select the project with the least payback period
Accounting Rate of Return (ARR)Accept if ARR ≥ Minimum Acceptable Rate; Reject if ≤Select the project with the maximum ARR

### Discounted Techniques

TechniqueIndependent projectMutually exclusive
Net Present Value (NPV)Accept if NPV > 0; Reject if NPV < 0Select the project with the highest positive NPV
Profitability Index (PI)Accept if PI > 1; Reject if PI < 1When NPVs are equal, select the project with the highest PI
Internal Rate of Return (IRR)Accept if IRR > K (cost of capital); Reject if IRR < KSelect the project with the maximum IRR

> Memory hook: For independent projects each technique has a threshold (max payback, min rate, 0, 1, K). For mutually exclusive projects you pick the single best on that metric.

⚠️ Common exam mistakes

  • Using NPV > 0 as the test for IRR — the IRR accept rule is IRR > K (cost of capital), and PI's test is PI > 1.
  • Selecting the project with the longest payback or lowest ARR — for mutually exclusive choices pick the least payback and the maximum ARR.
  • Picking the highest PI without checking the context — PI is the tie-breaker for mutually exclusive projects mainly when their NPVs are equal; otherwise highest positive NPV governs.
Reference:
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