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Microlesson · 5-min read

Types of Department (Production vs Service)

# Types of Department

In a factory, departments are broadly classified into two types based on whether they actually produce the goods or support production.

## 1. Production Department (P)

Departments of the company which are actually involved or engaged in production. The product physically passes through these departments and undergoes a change in form/shape.

  • Examples: Machining Dept., Assembly Dept., Finishing Dept.

## 2. Service Department (S)

Departments that do not produce goods themselves but help the production departments in carrying on production smoothly.

  • Examples: Canteen, Godown/Stores, R&D, Maintenance, Time-keeping, Power House.

## Why This Distinction Matters

Because service departments don't produce output, their costs cannot be directly recovered from units. So:

1. First, overheads of all departments (both P and S) are collected — Primary Distribution.

2. Then, the total cost of service departments is transferred to production departments — Secondary Distribution / Re-apportionment.

3. Finally, the total accumulated cost in production departments is recovered through absorption on units/hours.

Worked example

### Example 1

Example — Classify the departments:

DepartmentType
CuttingProduction
PolishingProduction
StoresService
Quality ControlService
Power HouseService
AssemblyProduction

⚠️ Common exam mistakes

  • Treating Quality Control or Inspection as a production department — they are service departments.
  • Forgetting that service department overheads must be reapportioned to production departments before absorption.
Reference:
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