Worked Solution
✓ VerifiedInternal Reconstruction of Ice Ltd. — Journal Entries and Revised Balance Sheet
Assumption: Preference shares are ₹100 face value (4,000 shares); equity shares are ₹10 face value (1,00,000 shares). Preference shares carry 10% dividend rate (assumed, as not stated in question). The original Balance Sheet does not balance — the shortfall of ₹4,75,000 is treated as accumulated losses (P&L debit balance) on the assets side.
Journal Entries in the books of Ice Ltd.
(i) Reduction of Equity Share Capital (₹10 → ₹2 per share; 1,00,000 shares):
Equity Share Capital A/c Dr. ₹8,00,000
To Capital Reduction A/c ₹8,00,000
(ii) Reduction of Preference Share Capital (₹100 → ₹80 per share; 4,000 shares):
Preference Share Capital A/c Dr. ₹80,000
To Capital Reduction A/c ₹80,000
(iii) Settlement of 1/3 Preference Dividend Arrears by equity shares:
[3-year arrear @ 10% = 10% × ₹4,00,000 × 3 = ₹1,20,000; 2/3 = ₹80,000 waived (no entry, never recorded); 1/3 = ₹40,000 → 20,000 shares of ₹2]
Capital Reduction A/c Dr. ₹40,000
To Equity Share Capital A/c ₹40,000
(iv) Freehold Property given to Debenture Holders in part payment:
6% Debentures A/c Dr. ₹3,00,000
To Freehold Property A/c ₹3,00,000
(v) Arrear Debenture Interest paid in cash:
Arrear Interest A/c Dr. ₹24,000
To Bank A/c ₹24,000
(vi) Revaluation of remaining Freehold Property:
[Remaining BV = ₹5,50,000 − ₹3,00,000 = ₹2,50,000; new value = ₹4,00,000; gain = ₹1,50,000]
Freehold Property A/c Dr. ₹1,50,000
To Capital Reduction A/c ₹1,50,000
(vii) Sale of Trade Investment:
Bank A/c Dr. ₹2,50,000
To Trade Investment A/c ₹2,00,000
To Capital Reduction A/c ₹50,000
(viii) Settlement of Director's Loan:
[75% = ₹2,25,000 waived; 25% = ₹75,000 → 37,500 equity shares of ₹2]
Director's Loan A/c Dr. ₹3,00,000
To Capital Reduction A/c ₹2,25,000
To Equity Share Capital A/c ₹75,000
(ix) Write-offs of assets:
Capital Reduction A/c Dr. ₹4,70,000
To Sundry Debtors A/c ₹1,80,000 (40% × ₹4,50,000)
To Stock A/c ₹2,40,000 (80% × ₹3,00,000)
To Deferred Advertisement Expenses A/c ₹50,000
(x) Contractual Commitments settled at 5% penalty:
[₹6,00,000 × 5% = ₹30,000 cash; commitment was off-balance-sheet]
Capital Reduction A/c Dr. ₹30,000
To Bank A/c ₹30,000
(xi) Write off accumulated losses:
Capital Reduction A/c Dr. ₹4,75,000
To Profit & Loss A/c ₹4,75,000
(xii) Transfer surplus to Capital Reserve:
Capital Reduction A/c Dr. ₹2,90,000
To Capital Reserve A/c ₹2,90,000
---
Balance Sheet of Ice Ltd. after Internal Reconstruction
Equity & Liabilities | ₹
--- | ---
Equity Share Capital: 1,57,500 shares @ ₹2 | 3,15,000
Preference Share Capital: 4,000 shares @ ₹80 | 3,20,000
Capital Reserve | 2,90,000
6% Debentures (balance) | 1,00,000
Sundry Creditors | 1,01,000
Total | 11,26,000
Assets | ₹
--- | ---
Freehold Property (revalued) | 4,00,000
Plant & Machinery | 2,00,000
Sundry Debtors (60% × ₹4,50,000) | 2,70,000
Stock (20% × ₹3,00,000) | 60,000
Bank | 1,96,000
Total | 11,26,000
The Balance Sheet balances at ₹11,26,000.
Write it like this
1The skeleton
- State your assumptions first, before Entry 1 — face value, dividend rate, and the balancing figure as accumulated losses; without this, the examiner can't follow your logic and your entries look wrong even when they're right.
- Label each journal entry with the scheme point number (e.g., 'Entry (i): Reduction of Equity Share Capital') so the examiner can tick off each clause of the scheme — unmarked entries get partial credit at best.
- Show Capital Reduction A/c as the spine of every entry — every gain (waiver, revaluation, profit on sale) credits it, every loss (write-off, penalty, P&L wipeout) debits it; this is the one account that proves you understand internal reconstruction, not just bookkeeping.
- Put working notes inline or in brackets for any entry involving a calculation (shares issued to preference holders, director's loan split, debtors write-off %); the examiner awards process marks for visible workings even if your final figure is off.
- Close Capital Reduction A/c explicitly — show it transferring surplus to Capital Reserve or absorbing any deficit; if you skip this closing entry your account hangs open and signals you don't know the end-game of the scheme.
- In the Balance Sheet, state the revised share count and face value in the heading (e.g., '1,57,500 equity shares of ₹2 each') and close with 'The Balance Sheet balances at ₹___' — examiners use this as a quick check and it signals confidence.
2Examiner-rewarded phrases
3Common trap
The biggest trap here is treating preference dividend arrears as a recorded liability and passing a full entry for the waived 2/3rd — since arrears were never booked, there's nothing to debit for the waived portion; you only pass an entry for the 1/3rd settled by equity shares, and that debit goes to Capital Reduction, not a 'Dividend Payable' account. Getting this wrong costs you 3-4 marks in a single entry.