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Microlesson · 5-min read

Signing of Financial Statements and Board's Report (Section 134)

# Section 134 – Financial Statements & Board's Report

## 1. Signing of Financial Statements

Financial Statements (including consolidated FS) shall be signed on behalf of the Board by:

1. The Chairperson of the company, if authorised by the Board, OR

2. Two Directors, of which one shall be the Managing Director (MD), AND

3. The CEO (if he is a director), CFO and Company Secretary of the company, wherever they are appointed.

> Note: CEO is to sign whether or not he is a director (since Companies Amendment).

## 2. Contents of Board's Report

Board's Report must include:

#Particulars
1Extract of Annual Return (web address now)
2Number of Board meetings
3Directors' Responsibility Statement (see below)
4Details of frauds reported by auditor u/s 143(12)
5Explanations / comments on qualifications, reservations or adverse remarks made by auditor / company secretary in practice
6Declaration by Independent Directors
7Particulars of loans, guarantees and investments u/s 186
8Related Party Transactions u/s 188
9Amount proposed to be carried to reserves
10Amount of dividend recommended
11Risk Management Policy
12Policy on directors' appointment & remuneration (Nomination and Remuneration Policy)
13Annual evaluation of performance of Board, its Committees and Individual Directors (for listed companies & specified public companies)

Note on Disclosures: If disclosure is made in the financial statements, the same need not be repeated in Board's Report. If a policy is put on the website, the Board's Report need only disclose the salient features and a reference to the website.

## 3. Directors' Responsibility Statement [Sec 134(5)]

The statement must confirm that:

1. In the preparation of annual accounts, applicable accounting standards have been followed, along with proper explanation of material departures.

2. Accounting policies have been selected and applied consistently, and judgments and estimates are reasonable and prudent so as to give a true and fair view of state of affairs and profit/loss.

3. Directors have taken proper and sufficient care for:

  • Maintenance of adequate accounting records
  • Safeguarding assets
  • Preventing and detecting fraud and other irregularities

4. Annual accounts are prepared on a going concern basis.

5. Internal Financial Controls (IFC) are adequate and operating effectively (applicable to listed companies only).

6. A proper system exists to ensure compliance with the provisions of all applicable laws, and such systems are adequate and operating effectively.

## 4. Signing of Board's Report

The Board's Report shall be signed by the Chairperson if so authorised, else by at least two directors, one of whom shall be the MD (or by the director where there is only one director).

## 5. Penalty for Default [Sec 134(8)]

PersonPenalty
Company₹3,00,000
Every Officer in default₹50,000

## 6. Abridged Board's Report

The Central Government may prescribe an abridged Board's Report for One Person Company (OPC) and Small Companies.

Worked example

### Example 1

Q. XYZ Ltd, a listed company, prepared its annual accounts. Who must sign the financial statements?

A. Since it is a listed company, the FS shall be signed by:

(a) Chairperson (if authorised by Board) OR two directors (one of whom is MD), AND

(b) CEO (mandatory, whether director or not), CFO and Company Secretary.

### Example 2

Q. ABC Ltd's Board Report did not contain the Directors' Responsibility Statement. What is the consequence?

A. Non-compliance with Section 134(5) attracts penalty under Sec 134(8): Company – ₹3,00,000; Every officer in default – ₹50,000.

⚠️ Common exam mistakes

  • Forgetting that the IFC clause in Directors' Responsibility Statement applies only to listed companies.
  • Treating Board's Report and FS as having identical signatories – their signing requirements differ.
  • Missing CEO as a mandatory signatory of FS even when he is not a director.
  • Not knowing that 'extract of annual return' has been replaced by giving the web address.
Bare-Act text Section 134 · Companies Act, 2013 · click to expand
Section 134(1): The financial statements, including consolidated financial statement, if any, shall be approved by the Board of Directors before they are signed on behalf of the Board by the chairperson of the company where he is authorised by the Board or by two directors out of which one shall be managing director, and the Chief Executive Officer, if he is a director in the company, the Chief Financial Officer and the company secretary of the company, wherever they are appointed.
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