# Effect of Registration (Sec. 9)
## The doctrine in one line
From the date of incorporation shown in the Certificate of Incorporation, a separate legal entity — distinct from its members — comes into existence and continues regardless of changes in membership.
## 1. Birth of a Body Corporate
From the date of incorporation:
- The subscribers to the MOA AND all persons who later become members are constituted as a body corporate.
- The body corporate operates under the name specified in the MOA.
## 2. Powers Acquired (Perpetual Succession + Capacity)
The company can perform all functions of an incorporated company with perpetual succession, including:
| Power | Practical meaning |
|---|---|
| Acquire, hold and dispose of property | Movable, immovable, tangible, intangible |
| Enter into contracts | In its own name |
| Sue and be sued | In its incorporated name |
## 3. Key Consequences (Salomon principle)
1. Separate legal personality — distinct from shareholders/directors.
2. Perpetual succession — death, insolvency or insanity of any member does not affect the company.
3. Common seal / authorized signatory.
4. Limited liability for limited companies.
5. Transferable shares (in companies limited by shares).
## 4. The Certificate is Conclusive
The Certificate of Incorporation is conclusive evidence that the company is duly registered.