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Microlesson · 5-min read

Matters to be Stated in Prospectus (Sec 26)

# Section 26 — Matters to be Stated in a Prospectus

## A. Mandatory Contents [Sec 26(1)]

Every prospectus must:

1. Be dated and signed.

2. State all information and reports on financial information as specified by SEBI in consultation with the Central Government.

3. Include a declaration of compliance with:

  • Companies Act, 2013
  • Securities Contracts (Regulation) Act, 1956
  • SEBI Act, 1992
  • Rules and regulations under these statutes.

## B. When a Prospectus Need NOT be Issued [Sec 26(2)]

No prospectus is required if the offer/invitation is:

  • Made to existing members or debenture holders; OR
  • For shares/debentures uniform with those previously issued and quoted on a recognized stock exchange.

## C. Date of Publication [Sec 26(3)]

The date indicated in the prospectus is deemed to be its publication date.

## D. Filing with ROC [Sec 26(4)]

  • A signed copy must be filed with the ROC before issuance.
  • It must be signed by all directors (or proposed directors) or their authorized representatives.

## E. Expert's Statement [Sec 26(5)]

An expert's statement in the prospectus is valid only if all four conditions are met:

1. The expert is independent (not connected with promotion/management of the company);

2. The expert provides written consent;

3. Consent is not withdrawn before filing with ROC;

4. A declaration by the expert is included.

### Who is an 'Expert'? [Sec 2(38)]

Includes engineer, valuer, CA, CS, CMA, and any other person authorized to issue a certificate under the law in force.

## F. Validity Period [Sec 26(8)]

A prospectus is valid for 90 days from the date of filing with the ROC.

## G. Required Disclosures

The prospectus shall state:

  • That a copy has been filed with the ROC (per sub-section (4));
  • The documents attached to or referenced in the prospectus.

## H. Punishment for Contravention [Sec 26(9)]

PersonFine
Company₹50,000 – ₹3,00,000
Person knowingly party to issue₹50,000 – ₹3,00,000

Worked example

### Example 1

Example 1: A company files its prospectus with the ROC on 1st January 2026. Until what date is this prospectus valid?

Answer: Until 31st March 2026 (90 days from filing).

### Example 2

Example 2: A company issues bonus shares to existing equity shareholders. Is a prospectus required?

Answer: No. Under Sec 26(2), no prospectus is needed when the offer is made to existing members.

### Example 3

Example 3: A valuer who is the brother-in-law of the promoter signs the valuation report annexed to the prospectus. Is the report valid?

Answer: No. The expert must be 'independent' — i.e., not connected with promotion or management. Family connection with promoter compromises independence.

⚠️ Common exam mistakes

  • Thinking the prospectus is valid for 90 days from publication — it is 90 days from filing with ROC.
  • Forgetting that the prospectus need not be issued for offers to existing members.
  • Missing the four cumulative conditions for an expert's statement (independence + written consent + non-withdrawal + declaration).
  • Confusing 'authorized representative' signing with full board signing requirement — both are allowed.
Bare-Act text Section 26 · Companies Act, 2013 · click to expand
Section 26(1): Every prospectus issued by or on behalf of a public company either with reference to its formation or subsequently, or by or on behalf of any person who is or has been engaged or interested in the formation of a public company, shall be dated and signed and shall state such information and set out such reports on financial information as may be specified by the Securities and Exchange Board in consultation with the Central Government.
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