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Microlesson · 5-min read

Value of Supply - Overview and Section 15(1) Transaction Value

# Value of Supply — Overview & Transaction Value [Section 15(1)]

## Why this matters

GST is charged on an ad-valorem basis — meaning, as a percentage of the value of supply (VoS). So before you can compute tax, you must determine the value on which the rate is applied.

> Core formula: Tax Amount = Value of Supply × Rate of Tax

The rate is fixed by the Government; the value is what we determine using Section 15.

## Which method applies?

ScenarioMethod to determine Value of Supply
Supply made to an unrelated person AND price is the sole considerationTransaction Value u/s 15(1), adjusted by inclusions u/s 15(2) and exclusions u/s 15(3)
Otherwise (related parties, or non-monetary consideration involved)Prescribed Valuation Rules (not in syllabus)

## Transaction Value [Section 15(1)]

The value of supply equals the transaction value, i.e., the price actually paid or payable for the supply, provided both conditions are met:

1. Supplier and recipient are not related persons, AND

2. Price is the sole consideration (full consideration is in money form).

If either condition fails, you cannot use transaction value — you must fall back to the prescribed rules.

## Reading the conditions carefully

  • 'Related person' is a defined term — refer to the Supply under GST chapter.
  • 'Sole consideration in money' means no barter, no exchange, no non-monetary perks tied to the deal.
  • MRP, list price, or market price is irrelevant when transaction value applies — even a heavily discounted price is acceptable if the two conditions hold.

Worked example

### Example 1

Example — Pure transaction value

Ron sold goods to Harry for ₹ 9 lacs. The MRP was ₹ 12 lacs. Ron and Harry are unrelated, and there is no other (non-money) consideration.

Analysis:

  • Unrelated parties — ✓
  • Price is the sole consideration (entirely in money) — ✓

Value of Supply = ₹ 9 lacs (the actual transaction value, not the MRP).

⚠️ Common exam mistakes

  • Assuming MRP or market price is the value of supply — only the actual price paid/payable matters when Section 15(1) applies.
  • Forgetting that both conditions (unrelated + sole money consideration) must hold simultaneously. Failing even one knocks you out of Section 15(1).
  • Confusing 'related person' loosely — it is a defined term and must be verified against the statute, not an everyday understanding.
Bare-Act text Section 15(1) · CGST Act, 2017 · click to expand
The value of a supply of goods or services or both shall be the transaction value, which is the price actually paid or payable for the said supply of goods or services or both where the supplier and the recipient of the supply are not related and the price is the sole consideration for the supply.
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