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Microlesson · 5-min read

Capital Gain/Loss on Sale of Depreciable Assets

# Capital Gain/Loss on Depreciable Assets

A sale within a block of assets does NOT normally trigger capital gain. Two exceptional situations create Short Term Capital Gain (STCG) or Short Term Capital Loss (STCL):

## Situation 1: Block continues to exist BUT WDV becomes NEGATIVE

This happens when the sale value exceeds (Opening WDV + Purchases).

Treatment:

  • The negative WDV is treated as Short Term Capital Gain (STCG).
  • No depreciation is allowed (since there is no positive WDV to depreciate).
  • The block's closing WDV becomes NIL.

## Situation 2: ALL assets of the block are sold during the P.Y.

The block ceases to exist. Two sub-cases:

### (a) If WDV of block is POSITIVE after sale

  • Treated as Short Term Capital Loss (STCL).
  • No depreciation allowed.

### (b) If WDV of block is NEGATIVE after sale

  • Treated as Short Term Capital Gain (STCG).
  • No depreciation allowed.

## Summary Table

SituationBlock StatusWDVTreatment
Block continues, WDV +veSurvivingPositiveNormal depreciation
Block continues, WDV −veSurvivingNegativeSTCG; no depreciation
All assets sold, WDV +veEmptyPositiveSTCL; no depreciation
All assets sold, WDV −veEmptyNegativeSTCG; no depreciation

## Key Point

Capital gain/loss on depreciable assets is always Short Term regardless of the actual holding period — because the block-of-assets concept dispenses with individual asset holding periods.

Worked example

### Example 1

Example — Building Block (10%):

ParticularsAmount (₹)
Opening WDV (2 Buildings)10,00,000
(+) Purchase (1 Building)2,00,000
(-) Sale (1 Building)(15,00,000)
WDV of block(3,00,000) [NEGATIVE]

Result: Block survives (2 buildings remain), but WDV is negative. → STCG of ₹ 3,00,000; no depreciation.

### Example 2

Example — P&M (15%), All assets sold, Block ceases:

Case A (STCL):

ParticularsAmount (₹)
Opening WDV (5 P&M)6,00,000
(+) Purchase (3 P&M)3,00,000
(-) Sale of all 8 P&M(4,00,000)
STCL5,00,000

Block empty, WDV +ve → STCL ₹ 5,00,000; no depreciation.

Case B (STCG):

ParticularsAmount (₹)
Opening WDV (5 P&M)6,00,000
(+) Purchase (3 P&M)3,00,000
(-) Sale of all 8 P&M(10,00,000)
STCG1,00,000

Block empty, WDV −ve → STCG ₹ 1,00,000; no depreciation.

⚠️ Common exam mistakes

  • Treating gain on sale of depreciable asset as Long Term — it is ALWAYS Short Term, irrespective of holding period.
  • Claiming depreciation along with STCG/STCL — when either condition triggers, NO depreciation is allowed in that year.
  • Confusing the two triggers: STCG/STCL arises only when (a) WDV becomes negative, OR (b) entire block is sold.
Bare-Act text Section 50 · Income Tax Act, 1961 · click to expand
Section 50 — Where the capital asset is an asset forming part of a block of assets in respect of which depreciation has been allowed... the provisions of sections 48 and 49 shall be subject to the following modifications: (1) where the full value of the consideration... as a result of the transfer... together with any other capital asset falling within the block of assets... exceeds the aggregate of the following amounts, namely: (i) expenditure incurred wholly and exclusively in connection with such transfer; (ii) the written down value of the block of assets at the beginning of the previous year; and (iii) the actual cost of any asset falling within the block of assets acquired during the previous year, such excess shall be deemed to be the capital gains arising from the transfer of short-term capital assets.
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