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Microlesson · 5-min read

Tax Audit of Books of Accounts [Section 44AB]

# Tax Audit [Section 44AB]

Tax audit is a mandatory audit by a Chartered Accountant of the books of accounts of an assessee. It applies in the cases set out below.

## When Tax Audit is Compulsory

### (i) Business

  • General rule: Turnover exceeds ₹1 crore in the P.Y.
  • Enhanced limit of ₹10 crore applies if BOTH conditions are met:
  • Aggregate cash receipts (incl. bearer/crossed cheques) ≤ 5% of total receipts; AND
  • Aggregate cash payments (incl. bearer/crossed cheques) ≤ 5% of total payments.

Intuition: the higher ₹10 crore limit rewards businesses that are largely digital/banking-channel.

### (ii) Profession

  • Gross receipts exceed ₹50 lacs during the P.Y.

### (iii) Presumptive Schemes (44AD / 44ADA)

Tax audit required if the assessee:

  • declares less than 8% / 6% (44AD) or 50% (44ADA) of turnover/gross receipts as income; AND
  • total income exceeds the basic exemption limit.

### (iv) Section 44AE

Tax audit required if income declared is less than the deemed profit under section 44AE.

## Procedural Points

ItemDetail
Who can auditChartered Accountant only
FormsForm 3CA / 3CB / 3CD
Due date for audit report1 month prior to the due date of filing ROI u/s 139(1)

## Due Dates Summary

CaseROI Due DateTax Audit Report Due Date
Normal Tax Audit31st October of A.Y.30th September of A.Y.
Transfer Pricing30th November of A.Y.31st October of A.Y.
Other (no tax audit)31st July of A.Y.

Worked example

### Example 1

Example 1 — Business with low cash: ABC Ltd. has turnover of ₹6 crore. Cash receipts are 3% of total receipts, and cash payments are 4% of total payments. Tax audit is NOT required, because both 5% tests are satisfied AND turnover (₹6 cr) is within the ₹10 crore limit.

### Example 2

Example 2 — Business with high cash: XYZ Ltd. has turnover of ₹2 crore. Cash receipts are 8% of total receipts. The ₹10 crore limit does NOT apply (5% test fails) so the ₹1 crore limit applies. Since turnover > ₹1 crore, tax audit IS required.

### Example 3

Example 3 — 44AD opt-out: Mr. K has a business turnover of ₹80 lacs and declares income of ₹4 lacs (5%, below the 8% threshold). His total income is ₹6 lacs (above the basic exemption limit of ₹2.5 lacs). Therefore he must get a tax audit done.

### Example 4

Example 4 — Profession: A CA's gross receipts are ₹52 lacs in the P.Y. Tax audit is required as receipts exceed ₹50 lacs.

⚠️ Common exam mistakes

  • Applying the ₹10 crore limit when only one of the two 5% conditions is met — BOTH receipts AND payments must satisfy the 5% test.
  • Confusing the ₹50 lacs profession limit with the ₹1 crore business limit.
  • Forgetting that under 44AD/44ADA, audit is only triggered when total income exceeds the basic exemption limit AND the assessee declares income below the presumptive rate.
  • Filing the audit report on the ROI due date — it must be filed 1 month BEFORE the ROI due date.
  • Thinking any auditor can do tax audit — only a Chartered Accountant can.
Bare-Act text Section 44AB · Income Tax Act, 1961 · click to expand
Section 44AB requires every person carrying on business (whose total sales/turnover/gross receipts exceed ₹1 crore, or ₹10 crore where cash receipts and cash payments do not exceed 5% of total) or carrying on a profession (whose gross receipts exceed ₹50 lakh) in the previous year to get his accounts audited by an accountant before the specified date and furnish the audit report by that date. The report shall be in the prescribed form (Form 3CA/3CB along with Form 3CD).
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