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Microlesson · 5-min read

Depreciation — Power Undertakings, Terminal Depreciation & Balancing Charge

## Depreciation for Power Generation Undertakings & Adjustments on Sale

### Power generation undertakings [Rule 5(1A)]

1. SLM basis: Depreciation is a percentage of the actual cost of each asset, at rates in Appendix IA.

2. Cap: Aggregate depreciation across all assessment years cannot exceed the actual cost of the asset.

3. WDV option: A power undertaking may instead opt for the Block of Assets / WDV method (rates in Appendix I).

  • The option must be exercised before the due date u/s 139(1) for the first year in which power generation begins.
  • Once chosen, it is final and applies to all subsequent years.

### Terminal Depreciation vs Balancing Charge (SLM assets)

These arise when an SLM (power-undertaking) asset is sold, discarded, demolished or destroyed:

Terminal Depreciation [Sec. 32]Balancing Charge [Sec. 41(3)]
WhenSale value < WDVSale value > WDV
TreatmentShortfall allowed as deductionExcess (up to actual cost) taxable as deemed PGBP
Excess over actual costTreated as STCG u/s 50A
ConditionAllowed only if the shortfall is written off in the booksTaxable even if business is not in existence in the year of receipt

Worked example

### Example 1

Terminal depreciation: A power undertaking (SLM) sells an asset with WDV ₹5,00,000 for ₹3,50,000, writing off the ₹1,50,000 shortfall in its books. → Terminal depreciation of ₹1,50,000 is allowed as a deduction u/s 32.

### Example 2

Balancing charge + STCG: An SLM asset (actual cost ₹8,00,000, WDV ₹5,00,000) is sold for ₹9,00,000. → Balancing charge u/s 41(3) = ₹8,00,000 − ₹5,00,000 = ₹3,00,000 (deemed PGBP); excess ₹9,00,000 − ₹8,00,000 = ₹1,00,000 is STCG u/s 50A.

⚠️ Common exam mistakes

  • Applying terminal depreciation / balancing charge to normal block-of-assets (WDV) assessees — these apply to SLM power undertakings.
  • Missing the requirement to exercise the WDV option before the Sec. 139(1) due date in the first year of generation.
  • Forgetting that the balancing charge is taxable even if the business no longer exists.
  • Not splitting the excess over actual cost as STCG u/s 50A in a balancing-charge computation.
Reference: Rule 5(1A); Section 32 (terminal depreciation); Section 41(3); Section 50A — Income-tax Act, 1961
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