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Microlesson · 5-min read

Rates of Capital Gains Tax (Sections 111A, 112A, 112)

# Rates of Capital Gains Tax

## Section-wise Rate Chart

SectionTypeNature of AssetTax Rate
111ASTCGEquity Share / Unit of Equity-Oriented Fund / Unit of Business Trust (STT paid)20%
Other STCGSTCGAll transfers other than those covered in 111ANormal Slab Rates
112ALTCGEquity Share / Unit of Equity-Oriented Fund / Unit of Business Trust (STT paid)12.5% on LTCG exceeding Rs. 1,25,000
112LTCGAll long-term transfers other than above12.5%

## Section 111A — STCG on Listed Equity

  • Applies to Short-Term Capital Gains on:
  • Equity shares in a company
  • Units of Equity-Oriented Fund
  • Units of Business Trust
  • Condition: STT paid on transfer (and on acquisition for equity shares acquired after specified date, with exceptions)
  • Rate: 20%

## Section 112A — LTCG on Listed Equity

  • Applies to Long-Term Capital Gains on the same assets as 111A (STT-paid equity/equity MF/business trust units)
  • Exemption: First Rs. 1,25,000 of such LTCG is EXEMPT each year
  • Rate: 12.5% on LTCG EXCEEDING Rs. 1,25,000

## Section 112 — Other LTCG

  • Applies to LTCG on assets other than those covered in 112A
  • Examples: Land, Building, Gold, Debt Mutual Funds, Unlisted shares
  • Rate: 12.5% flat

## Important General Notes

### 1. Chapter VI-A Deductions

> Deductions under Chapter VI-A are NOT AVAILABLE against the above special incomes (Capital Gains).

### 2. Basic Exemption Adjustment

> Basic Exemption Limit is NOT available against these special incomes...

> EXCEPT in case of Sections 112, 112A, and 111A — where for a Resident Individual & HUF, any unutilised basic exemption limit can be adjusted against such capital gains.

### 3. How the Basic Exemption Adjustment Works

For a Resident Individual/HUF whose other income is LESS than the basic exemption limit:

  • The unused portion of basic exemption can REDUCE the capital gain before applying the special rate.
  • This is available for STCG u/s 111A and LTCG u/s 112 / 112A.

Worked example

### Example 1

Example 1 (Section 111A): Mr. A (Resident, age 40) has only STCG on listed equity of Rs. 3,00,000 (STT paid). No other income.

Tax computation (Default Regime):

  • Basic exemption = Rs. 4,00,000
  • His STCG (Rs. 3,00,000) is FULLY covered by basic exemption (since he is resident individual)
  • Tax = NIL

### Example 2

Example 2 (Section 112A): Mrs. B has LTCG on equity shares of Rs. 4,00,000 (STT paid). She has salary income of Rs. 10,00,000.

Capital Gains Tax:

  • LTCG = Rs. 4,00,000
  • Less: Exempt = Rs. 1,25,000
  • Taxable = Rs. 2,75,000
  • Tax @ 12.5% = Rs. 34,375
  • (Salary taxed separately as per slab)

### Example 3

Example 3 (Section 112): Mr. C sold land (long term) and earned LTCG of Rs. 8,00,000. Other income = Rs. 5,00,000.

Capital Gains Tax: 12.5% × Rs. 8,00,000 = Rs. 1,00,000

No Chapter VI-A deduction (like 80C) can be claimed against this LTCG.

### Example 4

Example 4 (Non-Resident, 111A): Mr. D (Non-Resident) has STCG u/s 111A of Rs. 3,00,000.

Tax: 20% × Rs. 3,00,000 = Rs. 60,000

Note: Basic exemption adjustment NOT available to Non-Residents — they pay the full tax.

⚠️ Common exam mistakes

  • Forgetting the Rs. 1,25,000 exemption under 112A (it's the first slab, not per-share).
  • Allowing 80C deduction against LTCG — Chapter VI-A deductions are NOT allowed against 111A/112A/112 incomes.
  • Giving basic exemption adjustment to Non-Residents — it is available only to Resident Individuals/HUF.
  • Applying old 15% rate for 111A or 10% for 112A — current rates are 20% (111A) and 12.5% (112A) post Finance Act 2024.
  • Confusing the Rs. 1,25,000 exemption as deduction from total income — it's a base above which tax kicks in for 112A only.
Reference: Sections 111A, 112, 112A — Income Tax Act, 1961
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