Sources of Finance

Bank Advances and Export Finance – Pre-Shipment & Post-Shipment

Bonds – Classification, Types of Foreign Bonds & Indian Bonds

Bonds — Classification (Callable/Puttable), Foreign Bond Types, and Indian Bond Types

Commercial Bank Finance – Term Loans, WCTL & Bridge Finance

Contemporary Sources of Funding – Crowdfunding and P2P Lending

Debenture Financing – Advantages, Disadvantages & Comparison with Preference Shares

Debentures — Advantages, Disadvantages, and Comparison with Preference Shares

Debt Securitisation – Process and Benefits

Debt Securitisation — Meaning, Process, and Benefits

Export Finance — Pre-Shipment (Packing Credit) and Post-Shipment Finance

Hybrid & Innovative Sources of Finance – SPNs, ZIFCDs, Junk Bonds, Inflation Bonds

International Bonds – Euro Bonds, ESG Bonds, ADR, GDR, IDR

International Financing – Sources, Euro-Currency Market & Instruments

International Financing — External Sources and Instruments Used in International Markets

Lease Financing – Types, Comparison & Tax Implications

Lease Financing — Types, Financial vs Operating Lease, Other Lease Types, and Tax Implications

Loans from Commercial Banks — Term Loans, Working Capital Term Loan (WCTL), and Bridge Finance

Loans from Financial Institutions — National and International

Other Special Sources — Public Deposits, Seed Capital, Internal Accruals, and Special Bond Instruments (Deep Discount, SPN, ZIFCD, Zero Coupon, Junk Bonds)

SEBI Regulations for Issue of Bonus Shares

Samurai Bond and Bulldog Bond – Detailed Features

Short-Term Sources of Finance – Trade Credit, CP, T-Bills, CD, ICD, Public Deposits

Short-Term Sources of Finance — Trade Credit, Commercial Paper, T-Bills, Certificates of Deposit, and Bank Advances

Venture Capital Financing – Meaning, Characteristics & Methods

Venture Capital Financing — Meaning, Characteristics, and Methods

Virtual Banking – Features and Benefits