# Introduction to Interpretation of Statutes
## Why Interpretation Is Needed
Even when laws are drafted by legal experts, the language may be:
- Confusing
- Misconstrued
- Insufficient to cover all real-world situations
Therefore, the intention of the legislature must be ascertained not only from the plain language but also from the surrounding circumstances at the time of enactment.
## The Three Wings of Government
| Wing | Role |
|---|---|
| Legislature | Lays down (makes) the laws |
| Executive | Executes / enforces the laws |
| Judiciary | Settles disputes by interpreting the laws |
The judiciary has the duty to ascertain the correct meaning of laws made by the legislature. Here, rules of interpretation become indispensable.
## Meaning of 'Statute'
- To the common man, 'Statute' = laws and regulations of every sort, regardless of source.
- A statute has been defined as "the written will of the legislature."
- A Statute is a law established by the act of legislative power — i.e., an Act of Legislature.
- The Constitution of India does NOT use the term "Statute"; it uses the term "Law".
- 'Law' [Article 13(3)(a)] includes: ordinance, order, by-law, rule, regulation, notification, custom or usage having the force of law.
## Meaning of 'Interpretation'
Interpretation is the process of ascertaining the true meaning of the words used in a Statute.
More fully: It is the process by which:
1. The real meaning of an Act (or document) AND
2. The intention of the legislature in enacting it (or of the parties executing the document)
is ascertained.
## Key Takeaways
- The legislature speaks through words; the judge reads those words.
- The bridge between what is written and what is meant is interpretation.
- A statute is the formal expression of legislative will; interpretation is the formal expression of judicial understanding of that will.