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Microlesson · 5-min read

Audit of Trade Payables and Disclosure

# Audit of Trade Payables and Other Current Liabilities

## Why Liabilities Matter as Much as Assets

Verification of liabilities is as important as verification of assets. If a liability is omitted or overstated, the Balance Sheet does not show a true and fair view of the state of affairs. The bias in liabilities is typically toward understatement (to look more solvent), so audit risk runs in the opposite direction from assets.

## Classification — Current vs Non-Current

A liability is current if:

  • It is held primarily for the purpose of being traded, AND
  • Is due to be settled within twelve months after the reporting period.

## Audit Procedures

For existence, direct confirmation, completeness, and valuation, the procedures mirror those for Trade Receivables — sample selection, third-party confirmations, vendor statement reconciliations, search for unrecorded liabilities (review post-YE payments).

## Disclosure — Trade Payable Ageing Schedule

Ageing is measured from the due date of payment and split between MSME and Others, with a separate disputed/undisputed bifurcation:

Particulars< 1Y1–2Y2–3Y> 3YTotal
MSME
Others
Disputed Dues — MSME
Disputed Dues — Others

## Why the MSME Split?

Under the MSMED Act, 2006, MSME suppliers must be paid within 45 days. Disclosure of MSME-wise ageing highlights non-compliance and exposes interest liability for delayed payments.

## Note on Ageing Buckets

Unlike trade receivables (which start with <6M), trade payables ageing starts with <1Y as the first bucket — a frequently confused point.

Worked example

### Example 1

Example — Search for unrecorded liabilities: The auditor reviews payments made in the first 60 days after year-end. A Rs 4 lakh payment on 15 April is for goods received on 28 March (before YE). The auditor traces back: GRN exists for 28 March, but no purchase invoice or payable was booked at YE. This is an unrecorded liability — must be added.

### Example 2

Example — MSME ageing: A company has Rs 80 lakh in trade payables: Rs 30 lakh MSME (Rs 20 lakh < 1Y, Rs 10 lakh 1–2Y) and Rs 50 lakh others (Rs 40 lakh < 1Y, Rs 10 lakh 2–3Y). The auditor verifies the MSME bifurcation against Udyam registration certificates and ensures interest payable on overdue MSME amounts is provided.

⚠️ Common exam mistakes

  • Using <6M as the first bucket for trade payables (it's <1Y).
  • Failing to perform search for unrecorded liabilities — the standard test for completeness of payables.
  • Not bifurcating MSME from others, missing the MSMED interest liability angle.
  • Treating MSME status based on management assertion rather than Udyam Registration verification.
Bare-Act text Schedule III, Part I — Trade Payables Ageing Schedule · Schedule III, Companies Act, 2013 (as amended) · click to expand
Trade Payables shall be classified into: (a) MSME; (b) Others; (c) Disputed Dues — MSME; (d) Disputed Dues — Others. The ageing schedule shall use buckets of less than 1 year, 1–2 years, 2–3 years, and more than 3 years from the due date of payment.
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