Launch offer — 25% off with code LAUNCH-25 See plans →
Microlesson · 5-min read

SA 210 – Agreeing Terms of Audit Engagements

# SA 210 – Agreeing the Terms of Audit Engagements

## Objective of the Auditor

To accept or continue an audit engagement only when the basis upon which it is to be performed has been agreed, by:

  • Establishing whether the preconditions for an audit are present; and
  • Confirming that there is a common understanding between the auditor and management (or TCWG, where applicable) of the terms of the audit engagement.

## Preconditions for an Audit

Two cumulative requirements must be met:

### 1. Acceptable Financial Reporting Framework

The auditor must determine whether the FRF to be applied in the preparation of the FS is acceptable.

### 2. Agreement of Mgt on its Responsibilities

Management must acknowledge and understand its responsibility:

  • For preparation of FS in accordance with the AFRF;
  • For such internal control as is necessary to enable the preparation of FS that are free from MM (whether due to fraud or error); and
  • To provide the auditor:
  • Access to all information of which Mgt is aware that is relevant to preparation of the FS;
  • Additional information that the auditor may request from Mgt for the audit;
  • Unrestricted access to persons within the entity to obtain audit evidence.

### If Preconditions are NOT Present

The auditor shall discuss the matter with Mgt. Unless required by L&R, the auditor shall not accept the proposed engagement.

### Limitation on Scope Before Acceptance

If Mgt or TCWG impose a limitation on scope such that the auditor would have to disclaim an opinion, the auditor shall NOT accept the engagement — unless required by L&R.

## Audit Engagement Letter — Purpose

The auditor sends the engagement letter to the client to avoid misunderstanding. It documents the agreed terms.

### Contents of an Engagement Letter

At a minimum:

  • Objective and scope of the audit of the FS.
  • Responsibilities of the auditor.
  • Responsibilities of management.
  • Identification of the AFRF for the preparation of FS.
  • Reference to the expected form and content of any reports to be issued by the auditor, and a statement that there may be circumstances in which the report may differ from its expected form and content.

### Where L&R Already Prescribes the Terms

If the terms are sufficiently prescribed by L&R, the auditor need not record them in a written agreement — except for the fact that such law applies and that Mgt acknowledges and understands its responsibilities.

## Change in Terms of Audit Engagement

### Reasons a Client May Request Change

1. A change in circumstances affecting the need for the service.

2. A misunderstanding as to the nature of audit as originally requested.

3. A restriction on scope, imposed by Mgt or caused by circumstances.

Reasons (i) and (ii) → may be a reasonable basis for change.

Reason (iii) → not considered reasonable, especially if it relates to information that is incorrect, incomplete, or unsatisfactory.

### Procedure for Change

SituationAuditor's Action
Reasonable justification existsAgree to new terms; record them in a new engagement letter. The new report (e.g., review report) shall not refer to the original audit engagement or procedures performed under it (except agreed-upon procedures).
No reasonable justification, AND Mgt refuses permission to continue the original auditWithdraw from the engagement, if possible under L&R, AND determine whether there is an obligation to report the circumstance to TCWG, owners, or regulators.

Before agreeing to change from audit to review or related service, the auditor must also consider any legal or contractual implications.

## Recurring Audits – Quick Note

For recurring audits, the auditor should consider whether circumstances require terms to be revised and whether to remind the entity of the existing terms.

Worked example

### Example 1

Example 1 — Scope Limitation Before Acceptance

A prospective client tells the auditor that he will not be allowed to send external confirmations to debtors or attend physical inventory verification. These two limitations are pervasive and would force the auditor to disclaim an opinion.

  • As per SA 210, the auditor shall not accept the engagement (unless required by L&R), because the limitation imposed by management would result in a disclaimer of opinion.

### Example 2

Example 2 — Request to Change Audit to Review

Mid-way through the audit of DEF Ltd for FY 2024-25, the management requests the auditor to convert the engagement to a review instead, citing that there was a misunderstanding about the scope when originally engaged.

  • Misunderstanding (Reason ii) is a reasonable basis for change.
  • The auditor agrees to change, issues a new engagement letter for the review under SRE 2400, and the review report will not refer to the original audit engagement or procedures performed thereunder.

### Example 3

Example 3 — Request to Change Due to Adverse Findings

The auditor of GHI Ltd discovers material inventory shortages. Management then requests that the engagement be downgraded to a compilation so that no opinion needs to be expressed.

  • This is a restriction on scope to mask unfavourable information — not a reasonable basis for change.
  • The auditor should not agree to the change, should consider withdrawal, and evaluate whether there is an obligation to report to TCWG, owners, or regulators.

⚠️ Common exam mistakes

  • Forgetting that there are two cumulative preconditions — acceptability of FRF and Mgt's acknowledgement of its responsibilities. Listing only one is incomplete.
  • Writing that the engagement letter is sent by management to the auditor — it is sent by the auditor to the client.
  • Treating a scope restriction by management as a reasonable basis for downgrading the engagement — it is not.
  • Forgetting that when a change is justified, the new report should not refer to the original engagement or procedures performed under it (except agreed-upon procedures).
  • Omitting the obligation to report to TCWG/owners/regulators when withdrawing due to unreasonable change requests.
Bare-Act text SA 210, Paragraphs 3, 6 and 10 · SA 210 – Agreeing the Terms of Audit Engagements · click to expand
The objective of the auditor is to accept or continue an audit engagement only when the basis upon which it is to be performed has been agreed, through: (a) establishing whether the preconditions for an audit are present; and (b) confirming that there is a common understanding between the auditor and management and, where appropriate, those charged with governance of the terms of the audit engagement. … The agreed terms of the audit engagement shall be recorded in an audit engagement letter or other suitable form of written agreement.
Now that you've read this — what's next?
Move from understanding → mastery in 3 clicks. Each option below picks up from this lesson's topic.
Start 15-min diagnostic