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Microlesson · 5-min read

Computation of Drawing Power (DP)

# Computation of Drawing Power (DP)

## What is Drawing Power?

Drawing Power (DP) is the limit up to which a company can withdraw from the working capital limit sanctioned by the bank.

## DP vs Sanctioned Limit — Critical Distinction

Sanctioned LimitDrawing Power
Total exposure that a bank can take on a particular client for facilities like Cash Credit, Overdraft, export packing credit, non-funded exposures, etc.Amount calculated based on Primary Security LESS Margin as on a particular date
Static — set at the time of sanctionDynamic — changes based on the value of stock/debtors
Upper ceilingActual permissible withdrawal at any given time

Formula concept:

> DP = Value of Primary Security (e.g., stocks + debtors) − Margin

Whichever is lower — DP or Sanctioned Limit — is the operative limit for withdrawal.

## Bank's Duties Regarding DP

1. Banks should ensure that drawings in working capital accounts are covered by adequacy of current assets.

2. Stock statements relied upon by banks for determining DP should NOT be older than 3 months.

## Auditor's Concern

  • The monthly stock statement of the month for which audited accounts are prepared and submitted should be compared by the auditor.
  • Reasons for deviations, if any, should be ascertained.
  • Where stock statements are older than 3 months and DP has not been revised, this is a red flag — the account may need to be classified differently or DP reconsidered.

## Why DP Matters for NPA Classification

Recall: An account is 'out of order' if:

  • Outstanding balance continuously exceeds sanctioned limit / DP.

So: if DP is computed based on an outdated stock statement (older than 3 months), the DP itself may be inflated → an account that should be 'out of order' might appear regular → wrongly classified as Standard instead of NPA.

Worked example

### Example 1

Example — Computing DP:

A CC limit is ₹100 lakh. Stock = ₹80 lakh; Debtors = ₹30 lakh; Margin = 25% on stock & 40% on debtors.

Answer: DP = (80 − 25%×80) + (30 − 40%×30) = 60 + 18 = ₹78 lakh.

Operative limit = lower of Sanctioned (₹100 L) and DP (₹78 L) = ₹78 lakh.

If outstanding balance is ₹85 lakh — it exceeds DP → 'out of order' → potential NPA.

### Example 2

Example — Stale stock statement:

Last stock statement received by the bank is dated 1 October 2024. Audit is for FY ending 31 March 2025.

Answer: Stock statement is 6 months old — older than 3 months allowed. Bank's DP computation is based on outdated data. Auditor should treat this as a deficiency, ascertain reasons, and potentially recommend account be flagged for review or downgraded as 'out of order'.

### Example 3

Example — Audit comparison:

Monthly stock statement as at 31 March shows stock of ₹50 lakh, but audited financials show closing stock of ₹35 lakh.

Answer: Material deviation — stock statement appears inflated. Auditor should ascertain reasons for deviation and consider impact on DP, on 'out of order' status, and on potential NPA classification.

⚠️ Common exam mistakes

  • Confusing DP with Sanctioned Limit — DP is dynamic; Sanctioned Limit is static.
  • Forgetting that stock statements older than 3 months invalidate the DP calculation per RBI norms.
  • Not comparing the monthly stock statement with the audited closing stock figure.
Bare-Act text Norms relating to 'Out of Order' status & DP · RBI Master Circular on IRACP · click to expand
Stock statements relied upon by banks for determining drawing power should not be older than three months. Outstanding balance continuously in excess of the sanctioned limit/drawing power renders an account 'out of order' for NPA classification purposes.
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