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Microlesson · 5-min read

SA-501: Audit Evidence — Inventory, Litigation, and Segment Information

## SA-501: Audit Evidence — Specific Considerations for Selected Items

### Objective

Obtain sufficient and appropriate audit evidence regarding:

a. Existence and condition of inventory

b. Completeness of litigation and claims involving the entity

c. Presentation and disclosure of segment information per the applicable FRF

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### A. Verification of Inventories

Responsibility for inventory: Management

Duty of Auditor: Attend Physical Verification (PV) on the balance sheet date (typically 31st March)

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#### Special Situations:

SituationAuditor's Action
PV conducted on an alternative date (not BS date)Attend PV on alternative date + perform bridging procedures (evidence about changes between count date and BS date)
Unable to attend due to unforeseen circumstancesAttend on an alternative date + perform bridging procedures
Physical verification becomes impracticablePerform alternative procedures (e.g., invoices, debtor/creditor confirmations, GST portal verification). If not possible → issue modified opinion under SA 705
Inventory held by a third party(1) Request confirmation from third party re: quantities and condition; (2) Perform inspection or other procedures

> NOT considered impracticable: General inconvenience, time involved, or cost involved.

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#### Inventory Held by Third Party — Additional Procedures:

  • Inspect documentation for TP-held inventory (e.g., warehouse receipts)
  • Request confirmation from other parties if inventory is pledged as collateral (e.g., from a bank)
  • Attend, or arrange for another auditor to attend, the third party's physical count (if practicable)

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### B. Litigation and Claims

#### General Procedures:

1. Inquiry with management and in-house legal counsel

2. Review minutes of TCWG meetings (board meetings)

3. Examine correspondence between entity and external legal counsel

4. Review legal expense account

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#### Specific Procedure — Direct Confirmation (DC) from External Legal Counsel (ELC):

Send a general letter of inquiry when:

  • There is RMM with respect to litigation and claims, OR
  • Audit procedures indicate other material litigation exists (e.g., unusually high legal expenditure)

If ELC does not respond → Send a specific letter of inquiry containing:

1. List of all litigation and claims

2. Management's assessment of outcome of each litigation/claim (including estimated cost)

3. Request for ELC to:

  • Confirm reasonableness of management's estimates
  • Provide additional information if the list is incorrect or incomplete

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#### Meeting with External Legal Counsel:

Required when:

a. There is a significant risk related to litigation

b. The matter is complex

c. There is disagreement between management and ELC

Conditions for the meeting:

  • With management's permission
  • With a representative of management present

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#### If Management Refuses to Communicate or Meet ELC:

a. Auditor shall perform alternative procedures

b. If alternative procedures are insufficient → issue a modified opinion

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### C. Segment Information

Key Principle: The auditor's responsibility regarding segment information is in relation to the FS as a whole. The auditor is NOT required to perform procedures to express an opinion on segment information as a standalone basis.

#### How to Obtain Segment Evidence:

a. Understand management's methods for segment reporting:

  • Evaluate whether methods provide disclosure per the applicable FRF
  • Test the application of such methods

b. Perform ARP or other procedures

#### Matters Relevant to Segment Audit:

1. Sales, transfers, and charges between segments (inter-segment pricing)

2. Comparison with budgets and expected results

3. Allocation of assets and costs among segments

4. Consistency with prior periods

Worked example

### Example 1

A manufacturing company closes its books on 31st March. Due to a flood at the warehouse on that date, the auditor cannot attend the physical count. The auditor should: (1) Arrange to attend an alternative count on 2nd April, and (2) Verify movements between 31st March and 2nd April using goods received notes, dispatch records, and production logs to adjust the 2nd April count back to the 31st March balance. The flood does not make attendance impracticable — only genuine impracticability (not mere inconvenience) justifies alternative procedures without attendance.

### Example 2

A food processing company stores ₹3 crores of raw materials in a third-party cold storage facility. At year-end, the auditor: (a) sends a confirmation request to the cold storage facility for quantities and condition of stored inventory, (b) inspects warehouse receipts, (c) since the inventory is pledged as collateral with a bank, also obtains the bank's confirmation of the pledged quantities. If the auditor cannot attend the third party's count, they may arrange for another auditor to attend on their behalf.

### Example 3

During litigation review, the auditor finds that the entity's legal expense account shows an unusually large charge of ₹50 lakhs in the current year (vs. ₹8 lakhs in prior year). This indicates possible material litigation. Step 1: The auditor sends a general letter of inquiry to the external legal counsel. Step 2: ELC does not respond within the stipulated time. Step 3: The auditor sends a specific letter of inquiry requesting: (a) list of all pending cases, (b) management's estimate of outcomes and costs, and (c) ELC's confirmation of the reasonableness of estimates. If ELC still does not respond and management refuses to authorize communication, the auditor must consider a modified opinion.

⚠️ Common exam mistakes

  • Thinking the auditor must opine on segment information as a standalone item — the responsibility is ONLY in relation to the FS as a whole; no standalone segment opinion is required
  • Treating 'cost and time' as valid reasons for making physical inventory attendance impracticable — SA-501 explicitly states that general inconvenience, time, and cost do NOT make attendance impracticable
  • Confusing the sequence for ELC communication — general letter first; specific letter only if ELC does not respond. Not the other way around
  • Assuming audit is complete if management refuses to allow communication with ELC — the auditor must first perform alternative procedures; modified opinion is only issued if alternative procedures also fail
  • Treating inventory held by third parties the same as inventory in the entity's own possession — additional and specific procedures (confirmation, warehouse receipt inspection, collateral confirmation) are required for third-party held inventory
Bare-Act text Objective (Para 3) · SA 501 · click to expand
The objective of the auditor is to obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence regarding the: (a) existence and condition of inventory; (b) completeness of litigation and claims involving the entity; and (c) presentation and disclosure of segment information in accordance with the applicable financial reporting framework.
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