Launch offer — 25% off with code LAUNCH-25 See plans →
Microlesson · 5-min read

SA-580: Written Representations

## SA-580: Written Representations (WR)

### Meaning

  • A Written Representation is a written statement by management provided to the auditor to confirm certain matters or to support other audit evidence.
  • WR does not include financial statements, supporting books, or records.
  • WR is audit evidence but it is not Sufficient and Appropriate Audit Evidence (SAAE) on its own.

---

### Objectives

1. Obtain WR from management and TCWG that:

a. Management has fulfilled its responsibility for preparation of the FS.

b. All relevant information has been provided (completeness).

2. Support other audit evidence by means of WR.

3. Respond appropriately:

a. To WR obtained from management.

b. If WR is not obtained.

---

### When WR Can Be Obtained / Reconfirmed

Auditor may ask management to reconfirm when:

  • Those who signed the original terms of engagement are no longer part of that responsibility.
  • Terms were prepared in a previous year.
  • There has been a change in circumstances.
  • There are indications that management misunderstands its responsibilities.

Responsibility of management covers:

1. It has provided the auditor with relevant information and access as agreed in the engagement terms.

2. All transactions have been recorded and are reflected in the FS.

3. It has fulfilled its responsibility for preparation of the FS as per the FRF.

---

### Handling WR Issues

SituationAuditor's Response
Concerns about integrity and ethical valuesDetermine effect such concerns may have on the reliability of representations
WR is contradictory1. Perform alternative procedures to resolve the matter. 2. If unresolved, reconsider reliability of management and the effect on WR and other evidence
WR is not reliableTake appropriate action, including issuing a modified opinion
WR not received at all1. Discuss with management. 2. Re-evaluate reliability and evaluate effect on evidence. 3. Take appropriate actions, including modified opinion

---

### Practical Details of WR

AspectDetail
From WhomPersons responsible for preparing and presenting FS — generally management and TCWG. Also persons with specialized knowledge: actuary, staff engineers, internal counsel
Date of WRNear to but not after the date of the auditor's report, because: (a) WR is evidence — opinion cannot be expressed before evidence is obtained; (b) auditor intends to obtain SAAE about subsequent events
Multiple PeriodsIf opinion covers multiple periods, WR must be obtained for all periods, even if the same management was not present throughout
FormWritten representation letter addressed to the auditor. If law requires management to make written public statements, that content need not be repeated in the representation letter

Worked example

### Example 1

Example 1 — WR Date Timing:

Audit report is to be dated 30 May 2024. The WR must be dated on or before 30 May 2024 — ideally just a few days before (e.g., 28 May 2024). It cannot be dated after 30 May 2024 because the opinion cannot be expressed before evidence is in hand.

### Example 2

Example 2 — Contradictory WR:

Management provides a WR stating that all litigation claims have been disclosed. However, the auditor finds from reading board minutes that a significant claim was discussed but not disclosed in the FS. This is a contradictory WR. The auditor must: (1) perform alternative procedures (e.g., review legal correspondence, confirm with lawyers), and (2) if unresolved, issue a modified opinion (qualified or adverse depending on materiality).

⚠️ Common exam mistakes

  • Treating WR as sufficient and appropriate audit evidence on its own — WR is audit evidence but does NOT substitute for other evidence-gathering procedures.
  • Obtaining WR after the date of the auditor's report — the WR must be dated on or before the report date.
  • Forgetting to obtain WR for all periods when the audit covers multiple financial periods.
  • Confusing who must provide WR — it is those responsible for preparing and presenting the FS (management and TCWG), not just the CEO alone.
Reference:
Now that you've read this — what's next?
Move from understanding → mastery in 3 clicks. Each option below picks up from this lesson's topic.
Start 15-min diagnostic