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Microlesson · 5-min read

Issue of Shares at Premium (Section 52)

# Issue of Shares at a Premium

## Core Idea

When a company has a strong track record or brand, it can issue shares at a price higher than face value. The excess over face value is the premium, and the law restricts how this premium can be used so it is not treated as ordinary profit.

## 1. What is 'Issue at Premium'?

  • Issuing a security at a price higher than its face value = issue at premium.
  • Premium = Issue Price − Face Value.

## 2. Securities Premium Account

  • The premium received is credited to the Securities Premium Account.
  • Premium can be received in cash or kind.

## 3. Treatment as Capital

For the purpose of reduction of capital, the Securities Premium Account is treated at par with paid-up capital. So you cannot reduce it casually — it carries the same protection as share capital.

## 4. Permitted Uses of the Securities Premium Account

The Securities Premium Account can be applied only for the following purposes:

1. Issuing fully paid bonus shares.

2. Writing off preliminary expenses of the company.

3. Writing off expenses, commission, or discount on issue of shares or debentures.

4. Providing for premium payable on redemption of redeemable preference shares or debentures.

5. Buyback of shares or securities under Section 68.

## 5. Restricted Uses for Prescribed Class of Companies

For a prescribed class of companies complying with Accounting Standards (Section 133), the Securities Premium Account may be applied only for:

1. Paying up unissued equity shares to be issued as fully paid bonus shares.

2. Writing off expenses, commission, or discount on equity share issues.

3. Buyback of shares or securities under Section 68.

Note how this list is narrower — preliminary expenses and premium on redemption are excluded for these companies.

## Memory Hook

Uses of Securities Premium = B-P-E-R-B: Bonus, Preliminary expenses, Expense/commission/discount on issue, Redemption premium, Buyback.

For prescribed companies, only B-E-B applies.

Worked example

### Example 1

Example: A company issues 1,00,000 equity shares of face value ₹10 at ₹25. Calculate the securities premium and list valid uses.

Answer: Premium per share = ₹25 − ₹10 = ₹15. Total Securities Premium = 1,00,000 × ₹15 = ₹15,00,000.

Valid uses: bonus shares, write off preliminary expenses, write off share/debenture issue expenses, premium on redemption of preference shares/debentures, buyback under Sec 68.

⚠️ Common exam mistakes

  • Treating Securities Premium as free profit — it is treated at par with paid-up capital for reduction purposes.
  • Using Securities Premium for paying ordinary dividend — this is NOT a permitted use.
  • Forgetting that for prescribed companies, the permitted uses are narrower (no preliminary expenses, no redemption premium).
Bare-Act text Section 52 · Companies Act, 2013 · click to expand
Section 52 — Application of premiums received on issue of shares: (1) Where a company issues shares at a premium, whether for cash or otherwise, a sum equal to the aggregate amount of the premium received on those shares shall be transferred to a 'securities premium account'...
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