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Microlesson · 5-min read

Transfer to Capital Redemption Reserve (CRR) on Buy-Back (Section 69)

# Section 69 — Capital Redemption Reserve Account on Buy-Back

When a company buys back its own shares out of free reserves or the securities premium account, the share capital reduces. To preserve the capital base for creditors, an equivalent amount must be transferred to a special account — the Capital Redemption Reserve (CRR) Account.

## 1. Amount to be Transferred [Sub-section 1]

Where a company purchases its own shares out of free reserves or securities premium account:

(a) A sum equal to the nominal (face) value of the shares so purchased shall be transferred to the Capital Redemption Reserve Account; and

(b) Details of the transfer shall be disclosed in the Balance Sheet.

> Why nominal value? It ensures the creditor's buffer (capital) is reconstituted notionally even though shares have been cancelled.

>

> Note: If buy-back is funded purely from proceeds of a fresh issue of shares/specified securities, no CRR transfer is required — the capital is being replaced, not depleted.

## 2. Application of CRR Account [Sub-section 2]

The CRR Account is highly restricted in use. It may be applied by the company only for:

> Paying up unissued shares of the company to be issued to members as fully paid bonus shares.

In other words, CRR can only be capitalised by way of bonus issue — it cannot be distributed as dividend or used for any other purpose.

## 3. Why CRR is Important — Conceptual Link

Source of Buy-BackCRR Transfer?
Free reservesYes — nominal value to CRR
Securities premium accountYes — nominal value to CRR
Proceeds of fresh issue (of different kind)No — capital is replenished

This mirrors the principle in Section 55 (redemption of preference shares) — capital, once contributed, cannot leave creditors' protection silently.

Worked example

### Example 1

Example — Free Reserves Buy-Back: XYZ Ltd. buys back 1,00,000 equity shares of ₹10 each (face value) at a market price of ₹50 each, using its free reserves of ₹50 lakh. Total outflow = ₹50 lakh. Amount transferred to CRR = nominal value = 1,00,000 × ₹10 = ₹10 lakh (the ₹40 lakh premium portion is debited to free reserves/securities premium but does not go to CRR).

### Example 2

Example — Securities Premium Source: A Ltd. buys back 50,000 preference shares of ₹100 each at par, fully funded from securities premium account of ₹50 lakh. CRR transfer = 50,000 × ₹100 = ₹50 lakh.

### Example 3

Example — Use of CRR: ABC Ltd.'s CRR has a balance of ₹25 lakh. It can use this entirely to issue a bonus issue of 2,50,000 fully paid equity shares of ₹10 each to its members. It cannot use CRR to pay dividend or to write off losses.

⚠️ Common exam mistakes

  • Transferring the buy-back price (including premium) to CRR — only the nominal/face value is transferred.
  • Believing CRR can be used for paying dividend or writing off accumulated losses — it can only be used for issuing fully paid bonus shares.
  • Forgetting the CRR requirement when buy-back is funded from securities premium — many students wrongly think SP-funded buy-back does not require CRR.
  • Skipping the balance-sheet disclosure of the CRR transfer.
Bare-Act text Section 69 · Companies Act, 2013 · click to expand
Section 69(1): Where a company purchases its own shares out of free reserves or securities premium account, a sum equal to the nominal value of the shares so purchased shall be transferred to the capital redemption reserve account and details of such transfer shall be disclosed in the balance sheet. Section 69(2): The capital redemption reserve account may be applied by the company, in paying up unissued shares of the company to be issued to members of the company as fully paid bonus shares.
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