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Microlesson · 5-min read

Liability of Members and Officers Post-Reduction of Share Capital (Section 66 contd.)

# Liability After Reduction of Share Capital — Section 66 (Tail-End Provisions)

When a company's share capital is reduced, certain protections continue to exist for creditors who were left out of the reduction process. These rules sit at the tail-end of Section 66.

## 1. Liability of Members for Omitted Debts

If a creditor's debt was omitted from the list of creditors at the time of reduction (because the creditor was unaware of the proceedings and could not object), then:

  • Who is liable? Every person who was a member of the company on the date of registration of the reduction order by the Registrar.
  • What is the liability? To contribute towards payment of that debt or claim.
  • Ceiling on liability? The amount the member would have been liable to contribute if the company had commenced winding up on the day immediately before the registration date.

This means liability is capped at the winding-up contribution amount — the reduction does not enlarge a member's exposure beyond what winding-up would have produced.

## 2. If the Company is Wound Up

If the company actually goes into winding up, on the application of such an omitted creditor (and proof of his ignorance of the reduction proceedings), the Tribunal may:

(a) Settle a list of persons so liable to contribute, and

(b) Make and enforce calls and orders on the contributories on the list, treating them as ordinary contributories in winding up.

## 3. Rights of Contributories Inter Se Preserved

Sub-section (9) is an overriding provision. Even though contributories may be made liable as above, nothing in sub-section (8) affects the rights of the contributories among themselves (e.g., the right of indemnity or contribution between them).

## 4. Punishment of Officers — Section 447

An officer of the company will be punishable for fraud under Section 447 if he:

(a) Knowingly conceals the name of any creditor entitled to object to the reduction, or abets/is privy to such concealment; or

(b) Knowingly misrepresents the nature or amount of any creditor's debt or claim, or abets/is privy to such misrepresentation.

## Key Definitions

  • Abet — to encourage or incite another to commit a crime.
  • Privy — a co-participant; one who has an interest in the matter.
  • Period of Limitation — the maximum period set by statute within which a legal action can be brought or a right enforced (Limitation Act, 1963).

Worked example

### Example 1

Example — Omitted Creditor Recovery: A Ltd. reduces its capital on 1 April 2025; the order is registered the same day. Mr. X, a trade creditor for ₹2 lakh, was not on the list because the company did not notify him. Mr. Y, who held 100 partly-paid shares (₹6 unpaid per share) on 1 April 2025, is now sought to be made liable. Mr. Y's liability is capped at ₹600 (100 × ₹6), being the amount he would have had to contribute had winding up commenced on 31 March 2025.

### Example 2

Example — Officer Concealment: A director knowingly omits a ₹50 lakh supplier from the creditors' list to prevent objection. After the reduction, the supplier sues. The director is liable to be punished under Section 447 (punishment for fraud) for knowingly concealing a creditor entitled to object.

⚠️ Common exam mistakes

  • Treating every member as liable — only those who were members on the date of registration of the reduction order qualify.
  • Forgetting the ceiling: the contribution is capped at the notional winding-up amount, not the full debt.
  • Confusing 'abet' and 'privy' — abet involves active encouragement; being privy involves participation/interest.
  • Overlooking that sub-section (9) protects contributories' rights inter-se as an overriding provision.
Bare-Act text Section 66 (Sub-sections 8 and 9) read with Section 447 · Companies Act, 2013 · click to expand
Sub-section (9) of Section 66: Nothing in sub-section (8) shall affect the rights of the contributories among themselves.
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