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Microlesson · 5-min read

Inventory Classification Techniques — HML, VED, FSN, GOLF, SOS

## Other Inventory Classification Techniques

ABC focuses on monetary value. Several complementary systems classify inventory on other dimensions:

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### HML — High, Medium, Low (by Unit Cost)

Items ranked by their per-unit purchase price. Drives decisions on storage security and purchase authority limits.

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### VED — Vital, Essential, Desirable (by Criticality to Production)

ClassMeaningStock Policy
VitalNon-availability stops productionVery high safety stock; no stock-out tolerated
EssentialRequired for efficient productionAdequate stock must always be maintained
DesirableImproves efficiency / reduces fatigue; does not immediately halt productionLower safety stock acceptable

> VED is particularly useful for maintenance spares and components in process industries.

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### FSN — Fast, Slow, Non-moving (by Consumption Rate)

Helps identify dormant items and reduce obsolescence risk.

  • F: Issued frequently — monitor for stock-outs
  • S: Issued occasionally — review periodically
  • N: No movement for an extended period — candidates for disposal

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### GOLF — Government, Ordinary, Local, Foreign (by Source of Supply)

Drives procurement lead-time planning and supplier relationship management.

  • G: Government channels (long lead times, quota-based)
  • O: Ordinary open market
  • L: Local suppliers (short lead times)
  • F: Foreign/imported (longest lead times, currency risk)

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### SOS — Seasonal, Off-Seasonal (by Availability Pattern)

Guides bulk purchasing decisions for items available only in harvest/production seasons.

⚠️ Common exam mistakes

  • Confusing VED with ABC — ABC measures monetary value, VED measures operational criticality. An item can be Vital (VED) but Low value (ABC).
  • Treating 'Desirable' in VED as unimportant — Desirable items still contribute to efficiency; they just don't halt production immediately.
  • Confusing HML with ABC — HML uses unit cost, ABC uses total annual consumption value (unit cost × annual usage).
  • In GOLF, 'G' stands for Government supply (specific procurement channel), not a generic 'good' or 'general' category.
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