# Quorum Rules under Secretarial Standard – 2 (SS-2)
When counting whether 'enough people are present' to validly conduct a general meeting, SS-2 provides clarifications that go beyond the bare statutory provisions of the Companies Act, 2013.
## The Five Key SS-2 Rules
### Rule 1: Authorised Representative of Multiple Bodies Corporate
One person can act as the authorised representative of more than one body corporate. For quorum purposes, he is counted as more than one member present in person.
BUT — there is a floor:
- To 'constitute a meeting', at least two individuals must be physically present.
- One person, no matter how many bodies he represents, cannot single-handedly form a meeting.
### Rule 2: Continuous Quorum Requirement
Quorum must be present:
- At the commencement of the meeting, AND
- Throughout the transacting of business.
If members walk out and the count drops below quorum mid-meeting, business transacted afterwards is irregular.
### Rule 3: Remote E-Voting Members Count for Quorum
A member who has already cast his vote via remote e-voting still has the right to attend the general meeting. His presence at the meeting is counted for quorum (though he cannot vote again at the meeting).
### Rule 4: Related Party Members
A member who is a related party and therefore cannot vote on a particular item is still counted for quorum if physically present. Disqualification from voting on an item ≠ disqualification from being counted as 'present'.
### Rule 5: Postal Ballot Exception
The quorum requirement does not apply to items of business transacted through postal ballot. There is no physical meeting, so there is nothing to 'have quorum' for.
## Quorum Failure at Adjourned Meeting
If the adjourned meeting also fails to muster quorum within half an hour, the members actually present shall themselves form the quorum.
## Notice for Adjourned/Re-Scheduled Meeting
Where date, time or place of the adjourned meeting is changed, the company must give not less than 3 days' notice to members either:
- Individually, OR
- By advertisement in newspapers (one English + one vernacular) circulating where the registered office is situated.