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Microlesson · 5-min read

Section 31 - Shelf Prospectus

# Section 31 — Shelf Prospectus

## Why It Exists

If a company makes multiple issues of securities frequently in the same year, filing a fresh prospectus every time is costly and cumbersome. The shelf prospectus solves this — file once, issue multiple times.

## Definition

A "shelf prospectus" means a prospectus in respect of which the securities or class of securities included therein are issued for subscription in one or more issues over a certain period without the issue of a further prospectus.

Literal meaning: A prospectus that has a "shelf life" — kept on the shelf, used multiple times.

## Key Tool: Information Memorandum

During the shelf life, a company supplements the shelf prospectus by an "Information Memorandum" containing key updates/changes between issues — no fresh prospectus needed.

## Provisions of Section 31

### 1. Filing with Registrar

  • Eligibility: Any class or classes of companies as SEBI provides by regulations.
  • Such company may file a shelf prospectus with the Registrar.

### 2. Validity Period

Filing stages:

  • (i) At first offer: Indicate validity period — not exceeding one year from the date of opening of the first offer.
  • (ii) Second/subsequent offers within validity period: No further prospectus is required.

### 3. Information Memorandum — Mandatory Filing

Before each subsequent offer, file an Information Memorandum containing all material facts on:

  • (i) New charges created
  • (ii) Changes in financial position between the previous offer and the succeeding offer
  • (iii) Other prescribed changes

File within prescribed time prior to the issue of a second or subsequent offer.

### 4. Intimation to Existing Applicants

If the company has received applications + advance payments before such change:

  • Company must intimate the changes to applicants.
  • If applicants wish to withdraw, company must refund all monies received as subscription within 15 days.

### 5. Deemed Prospectus

When Information Memorandum is filed with the shelf prospectus, together they shall be deemed to be a prospectus.

## Quick Reference

AspectRule
Maximum validity1 year from first offer
Class of companiesAs specified by SEBI
Mid-period supplementInformation Memorandum
Refund period15 days
Combined effectShelf Prospectus + IM = Prospectus

Worked example

### Example 1

Example 1 — Validity Period: A financial institution files a shelf prospectus on 1st April 2026. The first offer opens on 15th April 2026. Until what date can the shelf prospectus be used for subsequent offers without filing a fresh prospectus? Answer: Validity is 1 year from the date of opening of the first offer, i.e., from 15th April 2026 to 14th April 2027. The company can issue multiple offers in this period using the same shelf prospectus + Information Memorandum.

### Example 2

Example 2 — Refund on Material Change: A company has received subscriptions of ₹5 crores against an offer under a shelf prospectus. Before allotment, a new charge of ₹20 crores is created on its assets, which is a material change. Applicants are intimated, and 30% of them want to withdraw. Answer: The company must refund the entire subscription amount to the withdrawing applicants within 15 days from the date they express the desire to withdraw.

⚠️ Common exam mistakes

  • Thinking validity runs from the date of filing — actually runs from the date of opening of the first offer.
  • Forgetting the 15-day refund window for applicants who withdraw after material change.
  • Believing all companies can file shelf prospectus — only SEBI-specified classes can.
  • Treating Information Memorandum as optional — it is mandatory before each subsequent offer.
  • Missing the deeming fiction: Shelf Prospectus + Information Memorandum together = Prospectus.
  • Confusing shelf prospectus validity (1 year) with prospectus issue window under Section 26 (90 days).
Bare-Act text Section 31 of the Companies Act, 2013 · The Companies Act, 2013 · click to expand
Section 31 — Shelf Prospectus: (1) Any class or classes of companies, as the SEBI may provide by regulations, may file a shelf prospectus with the Registrar at the stage of the first offer of securities included therein which shall indicate a period not exceeding one year as the period of validity commencing from the date of opening of the first offer. (2) A company filing a shelf prospectus shall be required to file an information memorandum containing all material facts relating to new charges created, changes in the financial position, and other prescribed changes, prior to the issue of a second or subsequent offer. (3) Where applicants have made advance payment before such change, the company shall intimate the changes and refund within 15 days if withdrawal is desired.
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